袋式除尘器在电炉烟尘治理上的应用

结合工程实例，介绍了“低阻、中温、大流量”除尘系统工艺在电炉上的应用，以及除尘系统各组成部分的性能特点和所采用的关键技术，阐述了关键技术的理论依据、设计原则和设计参数。     

舞阳、襄城盐湖盆地未熟油地球化学特征、判别标志及成因

通过对舞阳、襄城凹陷原油及烃源岩样品的有机地化分析 ,研究了该区未熟油地球化学特征、判别标志及成因类型。认为盐湖盆地原油具“两高、两低”特征 ,族组成上表现为饱和烃含量较低 ,“非烃 +沥青质”含量较高。正烷烃呈双峰态分布 ,OEP值 >1。具植烷优势 ,Pr/Ph <0 .2 5。萜烷以伽玛蜡烷含量高 ,Tm/Ts >1。脱羟基维生素E普遍存在 ,其分布型式主要有倒“V”字型和不对称“V”字型。根据C2 9甾烷 2 0S/ (2 0S +2 0R) ,C2 9甾烷 ββ/ (ββ +αα) ,C3 2 藿烷 2 2S/ (2 2S +2 2R)等成熟度参数 ,认为原油属于未熟油。伽玛蜡烷、脱羟基维生素E及碳同位素组成特征反映原油属咸水湖相、盐湖相成因。     

Removal of Ni(II) from strongly acidic wastewater by chelating precipitation and recovery of NiO from the precipitates

Strongly acidic wastewater produced in nonferrous metal smelting industries often contains high concentrations of Ni(II), which is a valuable metal. In this study, the precipitation of Ni(II) from strongly acidic wastewater using sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as the precipitant was evaluated. The effects of various factors on precipitation were investigated, and the precipitation mechanism was also identified. Finally, the nickel in the precipitates was recovered following a pyrometallurgical method. The results show that, under optimised conditions (DDTC:Ni(II) molar ratio = 4:1; temperature = 25 °C), the Ni(II) removal efficiency reached 99.3% after 10 min. In strongly acidic wastewater, the dithiocarbamate group of DDTC can react with Ni(II) to form DDTCNi precipitates. Further recovery experiments revealed that high-purity NiO can be obtained by the calcination of DDTCNi precipitates, with the nickel recovery efficiency reaching 98.2%. The gas released during the calcination process was composed of NO₂, CS₂, H₂O, CO₂, and SO₂. These results provide a basis for an effective Ni(II) recovery method from strongly acidic wastewater.     

成都市环境污染源初探

选择成都某工矿企业,以元素地球化学评价为主体,利用X荧光分析方法对表层土、深层土、煤渣、煤灰、浮尘样的4个重金属元素进行定量分析,初步进行工矿企业周边生态环境评价,进而评价工矿企业对成都市环境的影响状况。研究结果表明,工矿企业燃媒是影响城市环境的一个主要污染源。     

Metagenomic insights into responses of microbial population and key functional genes to fulvic acid during partial nitritation

The long-term impact of fulvic acid (FA) on partial nitritation (PN) system was initially examined in this study. The obtained results revealed that the FA lower than 50 mg/L had negligible effect on the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR nearly 100%) and ammonium removal rate (ARR 56.85%), while FA over 50 mg/L decreased ARR from 56.85% to 0.7%. Sludge characteristics analysis found that appropriate FA (<50 mg/L) exposure promoted the settling performance and granulation of PN sludge by removing Bacteroidetes and accumulating Chloroflexi. The analysis of metagenomics suggested that the presence of limited FA (0-50 mg/L) stimulated the generation of NADH, which favors the denitrification and nitrite reduction. The negative impact of FA on the PN system could be divided into two stages. Initially, limited FA (50-120 mg/L) was decomposed by Anaerolineae to stimulate the growth and propagation of heterotrophic bacteria (Thauera). Increasing heterotrophs competed with AOB (Nitrosomonas) for dissolved oxygen, causing AOB to be eliminated and ARR to declined. Subsequently, when FA dosage was over 120 mg/L, Anaerolineae were inhibited and heterotrophic bacteria reduced, resulting in the abundance of AOB recovered. Nevertheless, the ammonium transformation pathway was suppressed because genes amoABC and hao were obviously reduced, leading to the deterioration of reactor performance. Overall, these results provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of PN for the treatment of FA-containing sewage.     

21世纪矿产资源经济展望

简要阐明了矿产资源经济、矿产经济和矿业经济基本概念和相互关系 ,在对我国内外矿产资源特点与需求分析基础上 ,探讨了21世纪矿产资源经济的基本问题 ,提出我国21世纪的矿产资源勘查评价的科学问题。     

冷凝法回收油气问题的探讨

着重探讨在石油化工厂中利用引进的ＤＥ４８００型油气回收装置回收轻质油品装车系统油气的经济效益与社会效益     

活性污泥法的多变量最优控制Ⅲ.限制最高和同时限制平均与最高出水BOD浓度

在前文的基础上，进一步研究了更常用的限制最高和同时限制平均与最高出水有机物浓度两种排放标准的约束条件下，使其运行费用最省的最优周期控制问题。计算结果都表明，最优控制变量ＱＷ和ＤＯ的变化规律都尽可能使其满足的约束条件和节省运行费用，但是，当进水负荷变化幅度非常大时，任何控制也难于使出水水质达标，而运行费用还会大幅度增大。     

MAP法处理垃圾渗滤液高浓度氨氮的研究

采用MAP法去除垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的氨氮,通过对正交实验和单因素实验确定最佳运行条件为pH值为10.0,反应时间为60min,Mg:N:P摩尔比为1.2:1.0:1.2,此时氨氮的去除率为73.1%,出水磷的浓度为56.3mg/L.