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711.
712.
本文对张道口-1井模拟水位、数字化水位观测精度进行了对比,进一步分析了影响数字化水位观测精度的几个因素,提出了数字化水位在日常观测中应注意的几个问题。 相似文献
713.
Decomposition and phosphorus release from four di erent size fractions of
Microcystis spp. taken from Lake Taihu, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Decomposition of Microcystis is accompanied by the release of phosphorus, during bacteria play an important role. A series of
experiments were undertaken to evaluate the e ect of bacteria on the decomposition of Microcystis taken from Lake Taihu, China, a
lake that is su ering from dense Microcystis blooms. The 16 experiments involved four size fractions of colonial Microcystis with or
without the addition of lake sediment and Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The highest decomposition rates were recorded for
the smallest size Microcystis fraction (< 25 m) with the addition of the sediment. The lowest decomposition rates were recorded for
the smallest Microcystis fraction without the sediment, but with the addition of Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The higher
decomposition rates in the treatments with NaN3 and sediment suggest that Gram-positive bacteria in the sediment are important
for the decomposition process. Additionally, higher concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in the treatments with NaN3
suggest that more phosphorus accumulates in the Gram-negative bacterial cells around the colony, which may be an important source
of phosphorus for Microcystis cells. In the no-sediment treatments, the ratios of TDP concentration to initial TP concentration were
64%–82%. The results of this experiment suggest that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria play an important role in the
decomposition of Microcystis cells and the release of phosphorus from Microcystis colonies. 相似文献
714.
715.
本文从我国石油能源短缺和汽车尾气污染环境加剧的背景出发,详细分析了目前主要的各种新能源汽车的特点及在我国发展的前景,最后得出乙醇汽车应是我国发展新能源汽车的最佳选择的结论。 相似文献
716.
717.
本文对建立符合国情的光污染防治体系提出相关建议。首先阐述了光污染的概况;然后对国内外光污染防治的立法现状进行研究和探讨;最后提出具体的立法构想。与欧美和日本等发达国家相比,我国的光污染防治工作才刚起步,关于光污染防治的环境立法还是空白,对光污染防治的系统性研究处于初始阶段。以经济、生态的可持续发展为指导思想,采用符合国情的立法模式,修订《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,制定光污染防治单行法《光污染防治法》,制定光环境质量标准和排放标准,建立光污染防治体系,全面防治光污染。 相似文献
718.
Black carbon (BC) is a promising sediment amendment, as proven by its considerable adsorption capacity for hydrophobic organic pollutants and accessibility, but its reliability when used for the removal of pollutants in natural sediments still needs to be evaluated. For example, the ageing process, resulting in changing of surface physicochemical properties of BC, will decrease the adsorption capacity and performance of BC when applied to sediment pollution control. In this study, how the ageing process and BC proportion affect the adsorption capacity of BC-sediment systems was modelled and quantitatively investigated to predict their adsorption capacity under different ageing times and BC additions. The results showed that the ageing process decreased the adsorption capacity of both BC-sediment systems, due to the blockage of the non-linear adsorption sites of BC. The adsorption capacity of rice straw black carbon (RC)-sediment systems was higher than that of fly ash black carbon (FC)-sediment systems, indicating that RC is more efficient than FC for nonylphenol (NP) pollution control in sediment. The newly established model for the prediction of adsorption capacity fits the experimental data appropriately and yields acceptable predictions, especially when based on parameters from the Freundlich model. However, to fully reflect the influence of the ageing process on BC-sediment systems and make more precise predictions, it is recommended that future work considering more factors and conditions, such as modelling of the correlation between the adsorption capacity and the pore volume or specific surface area of BC, be applied to build an accurate and sound model. 相似文献
719.
Recycling wastewater is becoming more common as communities around the world try to better control their water resources against an increased frequency of either prolonged droughts or intense flooding. For communities in coastal areas, wastewaters may contain elevated levels of bromide(Br~-) and iodide(I~-) from seawater intrusion or high mineral content of source waters. Disinfection of such wastewater is mandatory to prevent the spread of pathogens, however little is known about the toxicity of wastewater after disinfection in the presence of Br~-and I~-. In this study we compared the induction of chronic cytotoxicity in mammalian cells in samples of municipal secondary wastewater effluent amended with elevated levels of Br~-/I~-after disinfection by chlorine, chloramines or ozone to identify which disinfection process generated wastewater with the lowest level of adverse biological response. Chlorination increased mammalian cell cytotoxicity by 5times as compared to non-disinfected controls. Chloramination produced disinfected wastewater that expressed 6.3 times more cytotoxicity than the non-disinfected controls and was 1.3 times more cytotoxic than the chlorinated samples. Ozonation produced wastewater with cytotoxicity comparable to the non-disinfected controls and was at least 4times less cytotoxic than the chlorine disinfected wastewaters. These results indicate that compared to chlorination and chloramination, ozonation of wastewater with high Br~-/Ilevels yielded the lowest mammalian cell cytotoxicity, suggesting its potential as a more favorable method to disinfect wastewater with minimizing the biological toxicity in mind. 相似文献
720.
短程硝化反硝化除磷颗粒污泥的同步驯化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本实验对3组同规格SBR反应器分别采用分阶段法(A/O-A/O/A)异步驯化、连续曝气A/OA同步驯化和间歇曝气A/O/A同步驯化的方式运行.以人工配水为进水基质,接种絮状污泥,通过水力选择压颗粒化,探讨了不同运行方式下短程硝化反硝化颗粒污泥的驯化及脱氮除磷特性.结果表明,在较短曝气时长(140 min)联合较低曝气强度[3.5 L·(h·L)-1]下,间歇曝气A/O/A同步驯化最具优势,后期稳定运行期间碳、氮、磷的平均去除率分别为90.74%、91.15%和95.66%,可实现同步去除.粒径为895μm,颗粒虽小但均匀致密,f值(MLVSS/MLSS)平稳保持在0.8~0.85,有较高的生物量,这是由于间歇曝气下好/缺氧的交替运行,使得缺氧异养菌作为颗粒的核心,有利于颗粒污泥结构的稳定.批次实验结果表明,间歇曝气A/O/A同步驯化下比氨氧化速率为3.38 mg·(g·h)-1,能利用NO2-为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)占比达65.46%,更有利于氨氧化菌(AOB)和NO2-型DPAOs的同步驯化及富集,保证稳定的处理效果. 相似文献