我国与南太平洋和加勒比海国家开展应对气候变化合作策略研究

南太平洋和加勒比海国家是我国开展应对气候变化南南合作的重点对象之一。目前我国已通过应对气候变化物资赠送、培训等方式与部分国家开展了气候变化合作,但总体来看尚处于探索阶段,对其合作需求了解得尚不够深入,且缺乏整体系统性的谋划和战略。通过调查问卷、面对面访谈和分析现有合作相结合的方式,发现南太平洋和加勒比海国家应对气候变化合作需求主要集中在资金支持、能力建设和基础设施建设等方面。未来,我国可通过在现有合作框架下与南太平洋和加勒比海国家展开气候合作,打造气候变化的战略共识;不断优化和深化目前开展的应对气候变化南南合作项目,提高合作的针对性;通过抓重点领域开展深度合作等方式不断加强合作,提升我国在全球气候治理方面的影响力;做好舆论宣传工作,加强在气候治理经验方面的交流;开展多方合作;鼓励私营部门交流,增强互信程度。     

沈阳市生活垃圾分类收集示范工作现状、存在的问题及建议

介绍了沈阳市的生活垃圾分类收集情况,分析了存在的问题,提出了下一步工作的建议。     

三峡库区垃圾堆放场稳定化程度的模糊综合判别

从宏观和微观两个方面建立了垃圾堆放场稳定化程度的判别指标，即表观指标，垃圾堆龄，最大理论产气量，有机质含量和浸出液COD等，并且确定评价标准，稳定化程度分级体系采用稳定，基本稳定，较稳定和稳定4级，运用模糊数学的理论方法，综合判定三峡库区万州和尚桥垃圾堆放场的稳定化状态。     

People's Perception About Participatory Developmental Programs: Lessons from the Mountain Risk Engineering Program in the Indian Central Himalaya

The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is suffering from environmental degradation due to population pressure and infra-structural needs. This is coupled with a natural setting, which creates problems of accelerated soil erosion and mass wasting. In view of these environmental difficulties and the growing concern for effective restoration, there has become an urgent need for multi-disciplinary coordinated improvement schemes. The mitigation of risk arising from hazardous mass wasting processes, through a careful and systematic approach, has helped in the development of the concept of Mountain Risk Engineering (MRE). The MRE practices involve an integrated approach to solving the infra-structural engineering problems of hilly and mountainous areas through environmentally conscious cost-effective and site-specific designs. However, the role of people's participation is extremely crucial for the success of such programs. This paper analyzes the perception of the local people about the approaches adopted in MRE participatory developmental programs and throws light on the intricacies of peoples' participation.     

染料生物吸附影响因素与解吸条件研究

用筛选出的一株丝状真菌(GX2)对活性、酸性、碱性和直接染料进行吸附及解吸的试验结果表明，该菌株对活性、酸性和直接染料有较高的吸附率，但碱性染料难被吸附；在多种有机溶剂中，丙酮是较好的解吸剂，碱性介质有利于染料的解吸；对菌体进行破碎及在解吸过程中加以搅拌有利于解吸过程的进行。     

气浮+生物接触氧化工艺处理食品加工废水

通过气浮 生物接触氧化工艺处理速冻食品加工废水的实验、设计和工程运行,结果表明:废水COD去除率能达到97%以上,使得最终出水的COD＜100mg/l.该工艺对冲击负荷有较强的适应性.     

Re-evaluation of thyroid hormone signaling antagonism of tetrabromobisphenol A for validating the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay

We developed the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay, which is supposed to be able to sensitively detect thyroid hormone(TH) signaling disruption of chemicals. The present study aimed to validate the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay by re-evaluating the TH signaling antagonism of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA), a known TH signaling disruptor. According to the assay we developed, Xenopus tadpoles at stage 52 were exposed to 10–500 nmol/L TBBPA in the presence of 1 nmol/L T3. After 96 hr of exposure, TBBPA in the range of 10–500 nmol/L was found to significantly inhibit T3-induced morphological changes of Xenopus tadpoles in a concentration-dependent manner in term of body weight and four morphological endpoints including head area(HA), mouth width(MW), unilateral brain width/brain length(ULBW/BL), and hind-limb length/snout-vent length(HLL/SVL).The results show that these endpoints we developed are sensitive for characterizing the antagonistic effects of TBBPA on T3-induced metamorphosis. Following a 24-hr exposure,we found that TBBPA antagonized expression of T3-induced TH-response genes in the tail,which is consistent with previous findings in the intestine. We propose that the tail can be used as an alternative tissue to the intestine for examining molecular endpoints for evaluating TH signaling disruption. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay we developed is an ideal in vivo assay for detecting TH signaling disruption.     

磁性PEI功能化秸秆的制备及对Pb (Ⅱ)的吸附

为获得同时具有优良的吸附性能和磁分离特性的生物吸附材料,以汽爆秸秆为基质,采用戊二醛交联剂法制备了磁性聚乙烯亚胺功能化秸秆吸附剂（Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS）,通过SEM、XRD、FTIR、XPS和VSM等手段表征了材料的结构和性质,测定了Pb（Ⅱ）在Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS上的吸附性能,考察了pH、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、Pb（Ⅱ）初始浓度、温度等因素对吸附的影响.结果表明,Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附具有强烈的pH依赖性;吸附时间对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附效率有明显的影响,在180 min时吸附达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型;Langmuir和Freundlich模型都能很好地描述Pb（Ⅱ）在Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS上的吸附行为,20、30和40℃时最大吸附量分别为192.31、200.00和212.77 mg/g;热力学参数△G < 0,而焓变△H>0、△S>0,说明该吸附属于熵增加的自发吸热反应过程,升温有利于吸附.重复试验表明,EDTA作解吸剂,经5次吸附/解吸附循环后吸附剂仍能保持较高的吸附容量.研究显示,所制Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS对Pb（Ⅱ）具有较高的吸附容量,稳定性好、可循环利用,能在磁场下实现快速分离.      

巢湖周边表土中有机质、全氮和全磷空间分布及其相关性

测定了巢湖周边3 528 km2范围内60个混合土样中的有机质(organic matter,OM)、全氮(total nitrogen,TN)和全磷(total phosphorus,TP)含量,通过GS 7.0+地统计学分析软件、Surfer 8.0及Mapinfo 8.5软件研究了这3种营养盐的空间分布,并使用SPSS 17.0软件对各指标间的相关性进行了分析.结果表明:①巢湖周边表土中ω(OM)、ω(TN)和ω(TP)平均值依次为19 500、1 027和483 mg.kg-1,东巢湖表土中ω(OM)和ω(TN)均值高于西巢湖,而磷矿的存在导致了ω(TP)均值西高东低;②位于巢湖西南的杭埠-丰乐河和白石天河周边表土中(TP)本底值较高,且水土流失十分严重,巢湖面源污染管理必须高度重视该两河的TP控制;③在线性模型下,巢湖周边表土中ω(OM)、ω(TN)和ω(TP)的块金值/基台值依次为0.015、0.202和0.128.巢湖周边表土中ω(OM)、ω(TN)和ω(TP)具有极强的空间自相关性,三者Pearson检验为两两显著相关,巢湖周边表土中ω(TN)和ω(TP)可由ω(OM)通过文中所得的公式估算,精度能满足日常管理需要.     

典型磺胺类抗生素在土柱中的淋溶规律研究

通过室内土柱淋溶试验,对2种磺胺类抗生素——磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲基异噁唑在土壤中的淋溶行为,及其受到淋溶流速、淋溶浓度和不同剖面土壤理化性质的影响进行了研究.结果表明,随着剖面土层深度增加磺胺类抗生素的淋出速率变快且在土柱中的残留量减少,磺胺甲基异噁唑在0~20 cm土层土柱中的残留含量是其在40~60 cm土层土柱中的2倍.淋溶流速越快,淋出液中磺胺类抗生素浓度越大且在土柱中的残留含量越低.用浓度为500μg·L-1淋溶液以2 mL·min-1的速度淋溶时,淋出液中磺胺类抗生素的浓度接近500μg·L-1,而以1 mL·min-1和1.5 mL·min-1速度淋溶时,其浓度仅为100~200μg·L-1.随淋溶液浓度升高,磺胺类抗生素淋溶性增强,其在土柱中的残留含量也明显增高.用浓度为250μg·L-1和125μg·L-1淋溶液以2 mL·min-1进行淋溶时,磺胺甲基异噁唑在淋出液中仅有少量检出,而用浓度为500μg·L-1淋溶液淋洗时,其在淋出液中的浓度接近500μg·L-1,其在土柱中的残留含量是低浓度淋溶液淋溶时的2~3倍.本研究结论可为管理含磺胺类抗生素的水源灌溉方式提供理论依据.