Isolation and characteristics of a novel biphenyl-degrading bacterial strain, Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4

A novel biphenyl-degrading bacterial strain LA-4 was isolated from activated sludge. It was identified as Dyella ginsengisoli according to phylogenetic similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence. This isolate could utilize biphenyl as sole source of carbon and energy, which degraded over 95 mg/L biphenyl within 36 h. The major metabolites formed from biphenyl, such as 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (HOPDA) and benzoic acid, were identified by LC-MS. The crude cell extract of strain LA-4 exhibited the activity of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (2,3-DHBD) and the kinetic parameters were Km= 26.48 μmol/L and Vmax= 8.12 μmol/mg protein. A conserved region of the biphenyl dioxygenase gene bphA1 of strain LA-4 was amplified by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing.     

Organic matter extracted from activated sludge with ammonium hydroxide and its characterization

In order to characterize the organic properties of waste activated sludge in a wastewater treatment plant,organic matter within sludge was extracted with NH 3 ·H 2 O preferentially,and subsequently fractionated into five fractions using XAD-8/XAD-4 resins.Up to a 63.8%-71.1% of organic matter within the sludge could be efficiently extracted by NH 3 ·H 2 O.Fractionation results showed that hydrophobic acid and hydrophilic fraction were two main components among the sludge organic matter (accounting for 32.2% and 48.0% of the bulk organic matter,respectively),whereas transphilic acid,hydrophobic neutral and transphilic neutral were quite low (accounting for 9.2%,5.8% and 4.8%,respectively).Despite that the extractant of NH 3 ·H 2 O showed a relatively higher extraction efficiency of the aromatic components,the relatively low aromaticity of the organic fractions implied that those non-aromatic components could also be effectively extracted,especially for neutral and hydrophilic fractions.In addition,acidic fractions contained more aromatic humic-like components,whereas the neutral fractions had a greater content of aromatic proteins and soluble microbial byproduct-like components.Extraction of sludge organics with NH 3 ·H 2 O and subsequential fractionation using XAD resins could be a novel method for further characterization of sludge organics.     

Heavy metal （Pb,Zn） uptake and chemical changes in rhizosphere soils of four wetland plants with different radial oxygen loss

Lead and Zn uptake and chemical changes in rhizosphere soils of four emergent-rooted wetland plants; Aneilema bracteatum, Cyperus alternifolius, Ludwigia hyssopifolia and Veronica serpyllifolia were investigated by two experiments: (1) rhizobag filled with “clean” or metal-contaminated soil for analysis of Pb and Zn in plants and rhizosphere soils; and (2) applied deoxygenated solution for analyzing their rates of radial oxygen loss (ROL). The results showed that the wetland plants with di erent ROL rates had significant e ects on the mobility and chemical forms of Pb and Zn in rhizosphere under flooded conditions. These e ects were varied with di erent metal elements and metal concentrations in the soils. Lead mobility in rhizosphere of the four plants both in the “clean” and contaminated soils was decreased, while Zn mobility was increased in the rhizosphere of the “clean” soil, but decreased in the contaminated soil. Among the four plants, V. serpyllifolia, with the highest ROL, formed the highest degree of Fe plaque on the root surface, immobilized more Zn in Fe plaque, and has the highest e ects on the changes of Zn form (EXC-Zn) in rhizosphere under both “clean” and contaminated soil conditions. These results suggested that ROL of wetland plants could play an important role in Fe plaque formation and mobility and chemical changes of metals in rhizosphere soil under flood conditions.     

Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution by cetylpyridinium bromide modified zeolite

Natural zeolite was modified by loading cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) to create more e cient sites for humic acid (HA) adsorption. The natural and CPB modified zeolites were characterized with X-ray di raction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The e ects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial HA concentration, solution pH and coexistent Ca2+, upon HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolites were evaluated. The results showed that natural zeolite had negligible a nity for HA in aqueous solutions, but CPB modified zeolites exhibited high adsorption e ciency for HA. A higher CPB loading on natural zeolites exhibited a larger HA adsorption capacity. Acidic pH and coexistent Ca2+ were proved to be favorable for HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolite. The kinetic process was well described by pseudo second-order model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir and Sips models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CPB modified zeolite with surfactant bilayer coverage was found to be 92.0 mg/g.     

电化学发光、分子印迹技术及其结合技术分析

电化学发光是一种不需要外加激发光源,而且背景信号低,线性范围宽,不需要昂贵设备的方法.分子印迹却是一种具有高度识别性和选择性的新技术.通过结合两者,可制备出具有选择性好、灵敏度高、检测限低、易于操作等特点的分子印迹-电化学发光传感器.近年来,在有毒有害物质、残留农药、药物质量检测以及生物传感器制备等多领域具有广泛的应用.本综述简要介绍电化学发光、分子印迹技术以及分子印迹-电化学发光传感器的应用概况,为今后的检测技术提供了一种新方法.     

完善广东省环境应急管理机制研究

通过对多起北江污染事件(2005年北江镉污染、2010年北江铊污染、2011年武江河锑污染)的案例分析,探究突发环境污染事件的共同特征(由企业违法排污重金属污染物或EPA重点控制优先污染物造成)和演变趋势(影响范围逐渐扩大致应急管理要求逐渐提高),提出重点防控环境优先污染物、整治重污染行业、加强环境承载能力预警、实行强制环境责任保险制度等环境应急管理对策,完善广东省环境应急管理机制.     

山东省汽车喷涂行业VOCs排放特征研究

采用气袋采样-气相色谱/质谱法,采集并分析了山东省内小型通用车、货车、电动商务车以及半挂车4类典型汽车喷涂企业挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征。结果表明:山东省汽车喷涂企业中VOCs排放总量以及检出数量排序为:半挂车喷涂企业电动商务车喷涂企业货车喷涂企业小型通用车喷涂企业。各类汽车喷涂企业喷漆以及烘干车间排放的VOCs大多以苯类物质为主(小型通用车面漆烘干车间除外),在小型通用车以及半挂车涂装企业废气中烷烃类物质占比较大。不同企业以及各企业不同工序之间特征VOCs排放浓度有较大差别,喷漆车间特征VOCs浓度要远高于烘干车间。     

阿什河流域地下水脆弱性分区

为识别阿什河流域地下水易污区,基于DRASTIC模型,结合研究区水文地质特点和地下水源地特质,舍弃土壤类型和水力传导系数指标,新增抽水井群影响范围评价指标,得到适用于阿什河流域的DRATIE脆弱性评价体系.借助OpenGeoSys(OGS)软件,模拟研究区抽水与不抽水时的地下水流场,圈划出抽水时流场的变化区域,划分抽水井群影响范围.运用DRATIE模型对研究区进行脆弱性评价,绘制研究区地下水脆弱性分区图,并根据用水趋势进行脆弱性情景分析.结果表明:研究区地下水脆弱性主要为较低、中、较高3个级别;河漫滩和阶地区域较易受到污染,抽水井群影响范围内脆弱性为中等,1号井群每口井抽水量不宜超过3.23×10-2 m3/s,2号井群每口井抽水量不宜超过4.00×10-2 m3/s;其余地区较不易受到污染.研究显示,应严格控制水源地抽水量,以防阿什河水体倒灌;合理分配1、2号井群抽水量,可减小水源地脆弱性范围和等级.      

介质材料在可渗透反应墙中的应用进展

可渗透反应墙正发展成为修复污染地下水技术的新方向,其中介质材料是可渗透反应墙成功修复污染地下水的关键。可渗透反应墙介质材料可以细分为还原型、吸附型、沉淀型和降解型介质材料等四类,并分别从不同类型的介质材料的反应机理、应用情况以及存在的问题等方面加以阐述。可渗透反应墙介质材料的选择应在其反应机理的基础上,结合实际的地下水环境条件、污染源、人类活动和经济费用等加以综合考虑,以保证可渗透反应墙长期有效经济安全地运行。     

Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution on bilayer hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-modified zeolite

Surfactant-modified natural zeolites (SMNZ) with different coverage types were prepared by loading hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) onto the surface of a natural zeolite. The adsorption behavior of humic acid (HA) on SMNZ was investigated. Results indicate that the adsorbent SMNZ exhibited a higher affinity toward HA than the natural zeolite. HA removal efficiency by SMNZ increased with HTAB loading. Coexisting Ca²⁺ in solution favored HA adsorption onto SMNZ. Adsorption capacity decreased with an increasing solution pH. For typical SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage, HA adsorption process is well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir model. Calculated maximum HA adsorption capacities for SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage at pH 5.5 and 7.5 were 63 and 41 mg·g⁻¹, respectively. E2/E3 (absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm) and E4/E6 (absorbance at 465 nm to that at 665 nm) ratios of the residual HA in solution were lower than that of the original HA solution. This indicates that the HA fractions with high polar functional groups, low molecular weight (MW), and aromaticity had a stronger tendency for adsorption onto SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage. Results show that HTAB-modified natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for removal of HA from aqueous solution.