生物脱氮除磷新工艺的研究进展

传统的脱氮除磷工艺存在许多不足之处 ,经济、高效、低耗的可持续脱氮除磷工艺已成为污水处理的发展方向。在分析中 ,介绍了运用短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化除磷理论的工艺 :SHARON工艺、CANON工艺、ANAMMOX工艺、SHARON与ANAMMOX联合工艺、DEPHANOX工艺、BCFS○R工艺的机理和研究进展     

Color and COD removal from wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 using Fenton's oxidation process

In this study, Reactive Black 5 (RB5) was removed from synthetic wastewater using Fenton's oxidation (FO) process. Experiments were conducted on the samples containing 100 and 200 mg l(-1) of RB5 to remove the dye toxicity. Seventy-five milligram per litre of RB5 caused 25% toxicity on 24-h born daphnids whereas 100 mg l(-1) of RB5 displayed 100% toxicity on Daphnia magna. The study was performed in a systematic approach searching optimum values of FeSO(4) and H(2)O(2) concentrations, pH and temperature. Optimum pH and temperature for 100 mg l(-1) of RB5 were observed as 3.0 and 40 degrees C, respectively, using 100 mg l(-1) of FeSO(4) and 400 mg l(-1) of H(2)O(2) resulted in 71% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 99% color removal. For 200 mg l(-1) of RB5, 84% COD removal was obtained using 225 mg l(-1) of FeSO(4) and 1000 mg l(-1) of H(2)O(2) yielding 0.05 molar ratio at pH 3.0 and 40 degrees C. Color removal was also more than 99%. The optimum conditions determined in accordance with the literature data. The H(2)O(2) requirement seems to be related to initial COD of the sample. FeSO(4)/H(2)O(2) ratios found were not changed for both concentrations. The temperature affected the COD removal significantly at high degrees. Toxicity was completely removed for each concentration of RB5 at optimum removal conditions.     

Bioaccumulation of the rare earth elements lanthanum, gadolinium and yttrium in carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Widespread use of the rare earth elements (REEs) in China for agricultural purposes, together with many other applications, has resulted in a remarkable increase of REE concentrations in the environment. The comparative bioaccumulations of representative light, medium and heavy REEs in a variety of tissues of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were investigated for an evaluation of their impacts on aquatic animals. The fish were exposed continuously to solutions containing 0.50 mg litre(-1) of each element for 45 days at pH 6.0 and sacrificed at time intervals. Skeleton, muscle, gills and internal organs were analysed for REE contents. A method using cation-exchange resin separation and ICP-AES determination was developed for the quatification of individual REEs. The results show that carp has low ability to take up the REEs under the experimental conditions. The order of REEs under the experimental conditions. The order of maximum bioconcentration factors was mostly internal organs > gills > skeleton > muscle. Neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects of the mixed REE solutions for carp were observed. The relative distributions of different REEs in the investigated tissues exhibited similar patterns. Among the selected tissues studied, the concentration of a heavy REE (Y) was the smallest, while concentrations of a medium (Gd) and a light REE (La) showed only a slight difference.     

脉冲放电等离子体烟气脱硫脱硝工业试验研究

40 000～50000 Nm3/h工业试验结果表明,烟气温度75～80℃,脱硫效率＞90%,脱硝效率＞40%,烟气温度90～95℃,脱硫效率＞80%,脱硝效率＞50%;脉冲能耗＜3 Wh/Nm3;随着温度升高,SO2热化学反应效率逐渐降低;随着氨硫化学计量比增大,氨泄漏逐渐增加,烟气温度90～95℃,氨泄漏增加更为迅速.并分析了副产物的成分,阐述了脱硫脱硝的机理,并探讨了烟气排放的温度.     

Antioxidative responses to arsenic in the arsenic-hyperaccumulator Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.)

This study measured antioxidative responses of Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) upon exposure to arsenic (As) of different concentrations. Chinese brake fern was grown in an artificially-contaminated soil containing 0 to 200 mg As kg(-1) (Na2HAsO4) for 12 weeks in a greenhouse. Soil As concentrations at < or =20 mg kg(-1) enhanced plant growth, with 12-71% biomass increase compared to the control. Such beneficial effects were not observed at >20 mg As kg(-1). Plant As concentrations increased with soil As concentrations, with more As being accumulated in the fronds (aboveground biomass) than in the roots and with maximum frond As concentration being 4675 mg kg(-1). Arsenic uptake by Chinese brake enhanced uptake of nutrient elements K, P, Fe, Mn, and Zn except Ca and Mg, whose concentrations mostly decreased. The contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, acid-soluble thiol) followed similar trends as plant As concentrations, increasing with soil As concentrations, with greater contents in the fronds than in the roots especially when exposed to high As concentrations (>50 mg kg(-1)). The activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase) in Chinese brake followed the same trends as plant biomass, increasing with soil As up to 20 mg kg(-1) and then decreased. The results indicated though both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants played significant roles in As detoxification and hyperaccumulation in Chinese brake, the former is more important at low As exposure (< or =20 mg kg(-1)), whereas the latter is more critical at high As exposure (50-200 mg kg(-1)).     

脉冲放电等离子体烟气脱硫脱硝工业试验研究

40000～50000Nm^3／h工业试验结果表明，烟气温度75～80℃，脱硫效率〉90％，脱硝效率〉40％，烟气温度90～95℃，脱硫效率＞80％，脱硝效率＞50％；脉冲能耗＜3Wh／Nm^3；随着温度升高，SO2热化学反应效率逐渐降低；随着氨硫化学计量比增大，氨泄漏逐渐增加，烟气温度90～95℃，氨泄漏增加更为迅速。并分析了副产物的成分，阐述了脱硫脱硝的机理，并探讨了烟气排放的温度。     

负载型TiO2在印染废水降解中的失活及原因分析

研究了负载型TiO2光催化剂在印染废水降解中的失活及其产生的原因。实验结果说明，催化剂活性下降的主要原因有：废水中不溶于水的染料等悬浮物和催化反应中产生的无定形碳在催化剂表面的吸附；高含量的无机离子对催化剂活性位的占据或在表面的沉积；长时间的使用和反复冲洗使TiO2负载量减少。通过同时采用灼烧和酸洗的方法可以使TiO2的活性恢复到新催化剂的69．5％。     

Effects of some pesticides on Rhizobiomjaponicum and on the seed germination and pathogens of soybean

The relative toxicity of 23 pesticides, including 21 fungicides and two pyrethroid insecticides, on $\text{Rhizobium}$$\text{japonicum}$, four soybean pathogens, $\text{Fusarium}$$\text{oxysporum}$, $\text{Phytophthora}$$\text{megasperma}$, $\text{Phytophthora}$$\text{parasitica}$ and $\text{Pythium}$$\text{ultimum}$, and germination of soybean seeds was compared with a highly toxic broad spectrum germicide, HgCl₂ under laboratory conditions.     

Atmospheric fine particles in a typical coastal port of Yangtze River Delta

In recent decades, coastal ports have experienced rapid development and become an important economic and ecological hub in China. Atmospheric particle is a research hotspot in atmospheric environmental sciences in inland regions. However, few studies on the atmospheric particle were conducted in coastal port areas in China, which indeed suffers atmospheric particle pollution. Lack of the physicochemical characteristics of fine particles serves as an obstacle toward the accurate control for air pollution in the coastal port area in China. Here, a field observation was conducted in an important coastal port city in Yangtze River Delta from March 6 to March 19, 2019. The average PM_2.5 concentration was 63.7 ± 27.8 μg/m³ and NO₃^—, SO₄^2—, NH₄⁺, and organic matter accounted for ~60% of PM_2.5. Fe was the most abundant trace metal element and V as the ship emission indicator was detected. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that SK-rich, soot, Fe, SK-soot and SK-Fe were the major individual particles in the coastal port. V and soluble Fe were detected in sulfate coating of SK-Fe particles. We found that anthropogenic emissions, marine sea salt, and secondary atmosphere process were the major sources of fine particles. Backward trajectory analysis indicated that the dominant air masses were marine air mass, inland air mass from northern Zhejiang and inland-marine mixed air mass from Shandong and Shanghai during the sampling period. The findings can help us better understand the physicochemical properties of atmospheric fine particles in the coastal port of Eastern China.     

Wet and dry deposition fluxes of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta Region (China): Characteristics, ecological risk assessment, and source apportionment

The atmospheric deposition of heavy metals poses serious risks to the ecological system and human health. To advance our knowledge of atmospheric dry/wet heavy metal deposition in the PRD region, monthly fluxes were examined based on soluble/insoluble fractions of five heavy metal elements(Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn) in samples collected from January 2014 to December 2015 at Guangzhou(urban) and Dinghushan(suburban) sites. The ratios of wet/dry deposition fluxes indicated that heavy metal deposition was governed by wet deposition rather than dry deposition in the PRD region. Affected by the shifting of the Asian monsoon, wet deposition fluxes exhibited significant seasonal variation between summer monsoon seasons(April to September) and winter monsoon seasons(October to February) in this region. Cd was classified as an extremely strong potential ecological risk based on solubility and the Hakanson ecological risk index. Source contributions to wet deposition were calculated by PMF, suggesting that dust, biomass burning, industries,vehicles, long-range transport and marine aerosol sources in Guangzhou, and Zn fertilizers,marine aerosol sources, agriculture, incense burning, biomass burning, vehicles and the ceramics industry in Dinghushan, were the potential sources of heavy metals.