含油废水高效物化处理工程的结构特点和方法

论述了采用调节池—平流式隔油池—斜板式隔油池—一级混凝气浮池—二级混凝气浮池相串联的高效物化处理工艺处理炼油废水的结构特点和运转方法。该套处理工艺不仅具有投资少、能耗少的优点 ,而且处理后废水能达标排放和具有良好的可生化性 ,为远期该厂废水的深度处理和回用创造了良好的条件     

基于细微粒子污染的灰霾判定方法的研究

本文从细微粒子污染导致灰霾形成的角度出发,首先开展了灰霾监测实验,并对实验数据进行频数和描述性分析,研究了以PM10为主的细微粒子污染与灰霾的影响关系。确定了以PM10日平均浓度为灰霾目的判定依据,并根据中国大陆PM10污染指数的分级标准建立了灰霾等级指数,从而形成了一套根据PM10日平均浓度来确定不同等级的灰霾发生概率的方法,为灰霾预测及灰霾治理提供一定的理论依据。     

水环境容量研究在环境管理中的实施过程初探

本文在地表水环境容量测算分析的基础上，分析测算中需要重视的关键问题，提出几个对测算结论影响较大的关键参数，并分析了环境容量在管理中应用的技术方法与手段，提出了水环境容量资源分配与管理中的解决方案。     

从IPCC第四次评估报告看全球气候变化及防灾减灾对策

本文介绍了IPCC第四次评估报告提出的全球气候变化情况,概述了全球气候变化的原因、影响和灾害,提出了相应的防灾减灾应对措施。     

Isolation, identification and characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BZ-6, a bacterial isolate for enhancing oil recovery from oily sludge

Over 100 biosurfactant-producing microorganisms were isolated from oily sludge and petroleum-contaminated soil from Shengli oil field in north China. Sixteen of the bacterial isolates produced biosurfactants and reduced the surface tension of the growth medium from 71 to <30 mN m⁻¹ after 72 h of growth. These bacteria were used to treat oily sludge and the recovery efficiencies of oil from oily sludge were determined. The oil recovery efficiencies of different isolates ranged from 39% to 88%. Bacterial isolate BZ-6 was found to be the most efficient strain and the three phases (oil, water and sediment) were separated automatically after the sludge was treated with the culture medium of BZ-6. Based on morphological, physiological characteristics and molecular identification, isolate BZ-6 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The biosurfactant produced by isolate BZ-6 was purified and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. There were four ion peaks representing four different fengycin A homologues.     

Influence of amendments on soil arsenic fractionation and phytoavailability by Pteris vittata L

Increasing availability of soil arsenic is of significance for accelerating phytoremediation efficiency of As-polluted sites. The effects of seven amendments, i.e., citrate, oxalate, EDTA, sodium polyacrylate (SPA), phosphate rock (PR), single superphosphate (SSP), and compost on fractionation and phytoavailability of soil As were investigated in lab culture experiment. The results showed that the addition of PR, SPA, EDTA or compost to soils significantly increased the concentration of NaHCO₃-extractable As over a 120 d incubation period compared with the control (amendment-free) soil. Then, the four amendments were selected to add to As-contaminated soil growing Pteris vittata. It was concluded that As accumulation by the fern increased significantly under the treatments of PR and SPA by 25% and 31%, respectively. For As fractionation in soil, SPA increased Fe-As significantly by 51% and PR increased Ca-As significantly by 18%, while both the two amendments reduced occluded-As by 16% and 19%, respectively. Adding PR and SPA in soil increased the activities of urease and neutral phosphatase resulting from the improvement the fertility and physical structure of the soil, which benefits plant growth and As absorption of P. vittata. The results of the research revealed that both PR and SPA were effective amendments for improving phytoremediation of As-contaminated sites by P. vittata.     

The phylogeny of archaebacteria,including novel anaerobic thermoacidophiles in the light of RNA polymerase structure

DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of archaebacteria are distinct from those of eubacteria both in structure and in function. They show similarities to those of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. Extremely thermophilic anaerobic sulfur-respiring archaebacteria isolated from solfataric waters represent four different families, the Thermoproteaceae, the “stiff filaments”, the Desulfurococcaceae and the Thermococcaceae, of a novel order, Thermoproteales. Together with the Sulfolobales, they form the second branch of the urkingdom of the archaebacteria besides that of the methanogens and extreme halophiles. Thermoplasma appears isolated.     

南京市降水化学成分特征及变化趋势

通过对１９９２－１９９８年南京市降水化学成分特征及其变化趋势的分析，表明南京市降以化明显，但无恶化迹象，降水化学成分中ＳＯ＾２－４对酸化起主要作用，但其作用呈下降趋势，而ＮＯ＾－３，Ｃｌ＾－的作用呈上升趋势。Ｃａ＾２＋，ＮＨ＾４＋在中和降水的酸性方面起十分重要的作用，Ｃａ＾２＋的作用逐渐减弱，而ＮＨ＾＋４的作用则逐渐增大。     

中国北方菲律宾蛤仔同工酶电泳的初步分析比较

通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对中国北方五个各体的菲律宾蛤仔的酯酶、超氧化物歧化酶、葡萄糖六磷酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、磷酸葡萄糖异构酶、苹果酸酶和过氧化氢酶等曲酶进行了分析比较。结果表明，菲律宾蛤仔的同工酶电泳结果具有明显的地理群体特异性。     

大庆市土地利用变化对生态环境影响分析

通过测定人类生态足迹供给与需求间的差距,可以评估人类土地利用对生态系统的影响,为生态环境保护提供理论依据。以近年来大庆市土地利用变化作为切入点,通过对大庆市1999年和2004年土地利用生态足迹的研究,对其产生的区域生态环境效应进行了探讨。大庆市生态足迹赤字日益严重,其人口消费需求超一过了自然生态系统的承载能力,生态环境呈现逐步恶化的趋势,大庆市处于一种不可持续发展的状态。最后,对大庆市的土地利用提出建议。