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91.
为了促进西北干旱区中小城市的快速、稳定的发展,解决该地区中小城市的水资源短缺问题,以水价作为出发点,充分利用水价格的经济杠杆作用,制定出该地区中小城市的水价。以西北干旱区中具有代表性的城市石河子为例,通过实地调研,得到石河子居民、居民生活用水情况、现行水价、居民家庭节水情况、居民的心理承受水价以及平时生活的节水意识等情况,通过分析,得出居民的心理承受偏低,现行水价仍有一定的上调空间,调价范围为1.58~2.31元/m3,最高可调至4.11元/m3。结合石河子的水价,为西北干旱区的中小城镇的水价改革、提高水资源的利用率等提出一些切实可行的建议。 相似文献
92.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O3 in growth and nutrition of snap
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Guangzhouyuan) were investigated. Exposure was conducted in growth chambers by using three O3
concentrations (20 (CF), 80 (CFO1) and 120 nL/L (CFO2); 8 hr/day for 75 days). Results showed that elevated O3 slightly impacted
overall mycorrhizal colonization, but significantly decreased the proportional frequency of hypha and increased the proportional
frequency of spores and vesicles, suggesting that O3 had significant effects on mycorrhizal structure. Elevated O3 significantly decreased
yield, dry mass and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants. However, significant
interactive effects were found in most variables due to that the reduction by O3 in the mycorrhizal plants was less than that in the
non-mycorrhizal plants. Additionally, AMF increased the concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in shoot and root. It can be concluded
that AMF alleviated detrimental effects of increasing O3 on host plant through improving plant nutrition and growth. 相似文献
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土著微生物修复城市小型湖泊实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用生物制剂及生物修复技术对鞍山市英泽湖进行了净化治理.研究结果表明,经过8~30 d的生物净化,该湖水中的COD、植物营养元素浓度及浊度都有了大幅度的下降.其中COD降至20 mg/L以下,去除率达到70%以上;氨氮降至0.2 mg/L以下,去除率达97%;总磷降低至0.02 mg/L以下,去除率达到60%以上;浊度... 相似文献
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98.
聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积行为的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
针对给水管网中残余铝沉积和再溶解现象可能引起的水质问题,研究了聚硅酸对不同水解聚合形态铝沉积、再溶解的影响,并以石英微晶天平为表征手段,初步探讨了聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积、再溶解过程影响的机理.结果表明,聚硅酸能显著改变不同水解聚合形态铝的沉积、再溶解行为.聚硅酸可与3种水解聚合形态的铝迅速结合而生成可沉积产物,但产物性质不同.以单体形态为主的Al_0与聚硅酸的反应产物性质较稳定,部分以溶解态存在,部分以非溶解态(可沉积态)存在;尽管铝的两种聚合形态Al_(13)和Al_(30)与聚硅酸反应也生成了部分可沉积产物,但随着时间的推移,这些产物又逐渐向溶解态转化.铝硅比对Al_0体系中铝的沉积溶解行为影响较小,而对Al_(13)和Al_(30)影响较大,且在0.2∶20(以Al和SiO_2计的质量比)时,沉积态铝的溶解速率最快. 相似文献
99.
Catalytic oxidation is widely used in pollution control technology to remove volatile organic compounds. In this study, Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Pd contents and acidic sites were prepared via the impregnation method. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption- desorption, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), HE temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). Their catalytic performance was investigated in the oxidation of butyl acetate experiments. The by-products of the reaction were collected in thermal desorption tubes and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the increase of Pd content slightly changed the catalytic activity of butyl acetate oxidation according to the yield of CO2 achieved at 90%, but decreased the cracking by-products, whereas the enhancement of strong acidity over Pd-based catalysts enriched the by-product species. The butyl acetate oxidation process involves a series of reaction steps including protolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration, cracking, and isomerization. Generally, butyl acetate was cracked to acetic acid and 2- methylpropene and the latter was an intermediate of the other by-products, and the oxidation routes of typical by-products were proposed. Trace amounts of 3-methylpentane, hexane, 2-methylpentane, pentane, and 2-methylbutane originated from iso4merization and protolysis reactions. 相似文献
100.
Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles (58.4 Gg). The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles. 相似文献