有机物对人工湿地基质除磷影响研究

以页岩陶粒为基质,在水力停留时间2d,连续进出水条件下,研究分析了进出水中磷素、基质中磷的形态和附着生物量的变化情况.结果表明,基质的除磷效率随有机物浓度的增加而降低,有机物对页岩磷吸附能力有一定的抑制作用.当进水COD浓度分别为100mg/和200mg/L时,其吸附能力分别下降了49%和62%.有机态松散结合磷、腐殖质态磷和钙镁结合磷明显提高,而铁铝结合磷从36.75%分别降到18%和11.77%,证明有机物累积对铁铝结合磷形成的抑制是磷吸附能力下降的主要原因.另外,进水有机物浓度越高,反应器中基质附着的生物膜量就越大,生物膜的厚度可能会影响水中磷元素向基质扩散时传质的过程.     

强磁粉协同作用预处理垃圾渗滤液

研究了强磁粉(Fe3O4)与无机混凝剂Al2(SO4)3在垃圾渗滤液处理中的协同作用。结果表明:Fe3O4与Al2(SO4)3复合使用混凝效果优于单纯使用Al2(SO4)3的混凝效果。当Al2(SO4)32.0g/L,磁粉(Fe3O4)1.6g/L,搅拌强度150r/min,pH值3.0,沉降时间5min时,可使渗滤液的COD去除率达70%,混凝时的胶粒沉降速率明显加快。     

流动注射-火焰原子吸收法快速测定水样化学需氧量

采用流动注射-火焰原子吸收法(FI-FAAS)测定水样化学需氧量.以KMnO4作氧化剂、葡萄糖作基准物质,在95 ℃反应,生成的Mn(Ⅱ)在线分离吸附于阳离子交换树脂微型柱上,用3 mol/L HCl洗脱后,送至火焰原子吸收检测器检测.在反应盘管长500 cm、反应时间30 s的条件下,测定化学需氧量的线性范围为8.00～200.00 mg/L,检出限为2.30 mg/L;采样频率为24次/h,Cl-质量浓度至100 mg/L无干扰,Mg2 质量浓度至1 000 mg/L无干扰;对50.00 mg/L的化学需氧量标样重复测定7次,相对标准偏差为3.37%.用该法测定河水、池塘水和轻度污染工业废水的化学需氧量,获得了与重铬酸盐法(标准方法)基本一致的测定结果.     

膜分离腐殖质前后晚期渗滤液可生化性的变化

晚期渗滤液由于含有大量难降解有机物腐殖质,可生化性差,较难处理.采用特定分子量的超滤膜对晚期渗滤液中的腐殖质进行有效的分离,研究了膜分离腐殖质前后渗滤液的可生化性的变化:渗滤液中腐殖质类物质去除率为90.7%,BOD5/COD值提高了6倍,可生物降解的有机物在总有机物中所占比率提高了约4倍.结果表明,分离腐殖质可提高渗滤液的可生化性.     

武汉市青山区道路尘碳组分污染特征及来源分析

为研究武汉市道路尘中碳组分污染特征及来源,于2018年5月在武汉市青山区采集道路尘样品,用热光碳分析仪测定样品中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)、烟炱(soot)和焦炭(char)含量,并使用特征比值法、相关分析及主成分分析法对道路尘碳组分污染特征和来源进行探讨分析.结果表明,道路尘中OC、EC、soot和char含量平...     

Characterization of metal doped-titanium dioxide and behaviors on photocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxides

A series of nanosized ion-doped TiO_2 catalysts with different ion content(between 0.1 at.% and 1.0 at.%) have been prepared by wet impregnation method and investigated with respect to their behavior for UV photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide.The catalytic activity was correlated with structural,electronic and surface examinations of the catalysts using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)absorption spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy disperse spectrometer (EDS)and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques.An enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was observed for Zn~(2 ) doping catalyst ranged from 0.1 at.% to 1.0 at.% which was attributed to the lengthened lifetime of electrons and holes.The improvement in photocatalytic activity could be also observed with the low doping concentration of Cr~(3 )(0.1 at.%). However,the doping of Fe~(3 ),Mo~(6 ),Mn~(2 ) and the high doping concentration of Cr~(3 ) had no contribution to photocatalytic activity of nitric oxide.     

Hydrolysis of polyaluminum chloride prior to coagulation: Effects on coagulation behavior and implications for improving coagulation performance

The effects of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) hydrolysis prior to coagulation on both the coagulation zone and coagulation performance of a kaolin suspension were investigated by a novel jar test named the “reversed coagulation test”. The tests showed that PACl hydrolysis prior to coagulation decreased the performance of charge neutralization coagulation in the case of short-time slow mixing (10 min; G = 15 sec ?1 ) and increased the optimal dosage for charge neutralization and sweep coagulation. Moreover, the hydrolysis time had insignificant effects on the size and zeta potential of PACl precipitates and the residual turbidity of the raw water. However, PACl hydrolysis prior to coagulation and the size of PACl precipitates had a negligible effect on the performance of sweep coagulation.The results imply that, in practice, preparing a PACl solution with deionized water, rather than tap water or the outlet water from a wastewater treatment unit, can significantly save PACl consumption and improve the performance of charge neutralization coagulation,while preparing the PACl solution with tap or outlet water would not affect the performance of sweep coagulation. In addition, the optimal rapid mixing intensity appears to be deter-mined by a balance between the degree of coagulant hydrolysis before contacting the primary particles and the average size of flocs in the rapid mixing period. These results provide new insights into the role of PACl hydrolysis and will be useful for improving coagulation efficiency.     

含硅熔渣中硅的有效性研究

对熔渣的理化性质及有效硅研究结果表明：溶渣化学成分主要以SiO2、CaO、Al2O3为主，其中以SiO2含量最高；另外含有某些微量元素及其他一些重金属元素；大部分熔渣呈碱性。溶渣中可溶性硅含量在8.9～134.3g/kg，且以铁渣、铬渣含量较高，可以供施给缺硅或高氮的土壤。并对可溶性及水溶性硅的含量与全铁、全铝，全硅，全镁之间的相关关系分别作了分析。     

麦秸焚烧导致的北京市大气污染时空分布和化学组成特征分析

为了全面评价农田秸秆焚烧产生的污染事件,并为制定有效的管理措施提供依据,于2006年6月20日监测了西南风下北京南部农田麦秸焚烧产生的污染物向北京传输的过程.获得了SO2、CO、NOx以及可吸入颗粒物(PM10)质量浓度的数据.颗粒物的化学组分数据.数据分析结果表明,污染输送对北京市西南部地区空气质量影响最大(PM10小时浓度超过600μg·m-3),对北部山区影响较小(PM10浓度峰值在110μg·m-3).高浓度污染在市区持续时间最长.麦秸焚烧通过输送增加了PM10(尤其是PM1)、CO、NO2以及NMHC等污染物质,这使得与前一日相比污染物之间的相关关系发生了变化:SO2与其它污染物的相关性不显著,而CO与NO2、CH4与NO显著相关.因子分析进一步揭示,气象条件对污染物浓度变化具有主导作用,而由麦秸焚烧所产生的外来污染源属于次要地位.污染输送过程中,PM25中的硝酸盐类和有机碳、碳黑质量浓度增大.麦秸焚烧所输送的气态污染物和细小颗粒物对人体健康存在威胁,在不利扩散的气象条件下在大气中存留时间加长.研究结果表明,气象条件不利于污染扩散时必须禁止农田秸秆焚烧.     

胞外聚合物在生物膜同步去除/富集磷酸盐系统中的作用

以基于同步去除/富集磷酸盐的厌氧/好氧交替生物膜序批式反应器内生物膜为研究对象,研究了胞外聚合物（EPS）内磷含量形态及生物膜内微生物种群变化,探究EPS在生物膜去除/富集磷酸盐中的作用及其与微生物种群之间的联系.结果表明,生物膜反应器在厌氧外加COD为200 mg·L^-1的条件下富集到了磷浓度为120.95 mg·L^-1的富集液.EPS在生物膜吸/释磷过程中发挥重要作用,EPS磷含量占生物膜磷含量的69.16%~79.00%,³¹P核磁共振实验表明ortho-P为EPS内主要磷形态,占比为85.47%~88.60%.高通量测序结果表明生物膜内微生物种群变化明显,Candidatus_Competibacter为优势菌属,其丰度由1.23%增至38.87%,有利于形成更具粘性的EPS进而黏附在生物膜上,可能促进EPS在吸/释磷中发挥作用;暖绳菌科为优势聚磷菌,随实验温度升高,其丰度由5.29%减至4.90%.