电镀厂污染土壤重金属形态及淋洗去除效果

以某电镀厂污染场地重污染区域土壤为研究对象,对土壤中重金属全量和各形态含量进行分析,并研究筛选高效土壤淋洗剂,比较其淋洗去除效果。结果表明,该土壤以铬和镍污染最为严重,土壤铬和镍含量分别达1 564.00和679.00 mg.kg-1,土壤铜、锌和铅含量分别为297.00、276.00和51.40 mg.kg-1,铜、铬、镍、锌和铅的有效态比例分别为41.77%、13.16%、28.08%、21.50%和31.18%。去离子水、盐酸、乙酸、草酸、柠檬酸和EDTA 6种淋洗剂中,去离子水对5种重金属提取量均较少;草酸对铜、铬、镍和锌去除效果较好,去除率分别为55.1%、24.8%、47.5%和29.3%;柠檬酸对铜、铬、镍和锌去除效果较好,去除率分别为26.3%、25.7%、33.0%和21.6%;EDTA对铜、镍、锌和铅去除效果较好,去除率分别为31.5%、28.9%、21.4%和30.6%。综合考虑淋洗剂的提取效果、水溶性以及操作难度和成本,建议采用柠檬酸作为淋洗剂,最佳液土比〔V（液）∶m（土）〕为10∶1,最佳淋洗时间为6 h。     

助溶剂甲苯和二甲基亚砜对斑马鱼胚胎发育的复合毒性效应

研究了甲苯和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对斑马鱼胚胎生长、发育的毒性效应.实验结果表明:低剂量的甲苯(0.05%)单一暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育有一定毒性,DMSO(0.45%)对斑马鱼胚胎无明显毒性;但甲苯与DMSO具有较强的复合毒性效应,随着DMSO含量的增加,与甲苯单一暴露组相比,斑马鱼胚胎死亡率显著增加、胚胎孵化率下降、胚胎发育迟缓并生成大量畸形;但甲苯以及甲苯和DMSO复合物对人胚肾HEK-293细胞株和人胃癌SGC-7901细胞株的活力均没有明显效应.DMSO可通过提高甲苯在水中的分散性,增加甲苯的神经毒性,但对离体实验模型无显著效应,故在选择不同生物模型评估有机污染物毒性效应时,需考虑不同类型助溶剂所产生的复合效应,以减少实验误差.     

土地利用对湿地土壤活性有机碳的影响研究进展

湿地生态系统土壤碳库的周转及碳源/汇过程对全球气候变化起着极其重要的作用,而土壤碳库中的活性碳组分对环境因子变化响应最为敏感,湿地土壤活性有机碳在湿地土壤碳、氮、磷等养分元素的生物地球化学循环方面起着十分重要的作用。不同的土地利用方式对湿地土壤活性有机碳组分的特征分布影响显著,综述了土壤活性有机碳内涵、组分及土地利用方式变化对湿地土壤活性有机碳多种组分的影响研究进展,展望不同土地利用方式下湿地土壤活性碳库的未来研究方向,并提出今后应加强不同土地利用方式下湿地生态系统土壤活性碳库与土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的关系研究,以期为评估湿地生态系统碳源/汇功能提供理论基础。     

五种农药对三唑酮光解的影响

本文研究了氯氰菊酸，溴氰菊酯，多菌灵，γ－六六六及辛硫磷等五种农药对杀菌剂三唑酮光化学降解的影响，当三唑酮分别与这五种农药以等剂量混合光照后，三唑酮的光解速度加快１．４４－２．４２倍，表现了较强的光敏降解效应，其敏化光解效率我照时间延长而逐渐提高，当三唑酮分别与这五种农药以２：１剂量比混合光照后，仅溴氰菊酯．多菌灵表现敏化降解效应，而氯氰菊酯，γ－六六六及辛硫磷则显示光猝灭降解效应，五种农药对三唑     

Reutilize tire in microbial fuel cell for enhancing the nitrogen removal of the anammox process coupled with iron-carbon micro-electrolysis

• MFC promoted the nitrogen removal of anammox with Fe-C micro-electrolysis. • Reutilize pyrolysis waste tire as micro-electrolysis and electrode materials. • Total nitrogen removal efficiency of modified MFC increased to 85.00%. • Candidatus kuenenia and SM1A02 were major genera responsible for nitrogen removal. In this study, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were explored to promote the nitrogen removal performance of combined anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and Fe-C micro-electrolysis (CAE) systems. The average total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of the modified MFC system was 85.00%, while that of the anammox system was 62.16%. Additionally, the effective operation time of this system increased from six (CAE system alone) to over 50 days, significantly promoting TN removal. The enhanced performance could be attributed to the electron transferred from the anode to the cathode, which aided in reducing nitrate/nitrite in denitrification. The H⁺ released through the proton exchange membrane caused a decrease in the pH, facilitating Fe corrosion. The pyrolyzed waste tire used as the cathode could immobilize microorganisms, enhance electron transport, and produce a natural Fe-C micro-electrolysis system. According to the microbial community analysis, Candidatus kuenenia was the major genus involved in the anammox process. Furthermore, the SM1A02 genus exhibited the highest abundance and was enriched the fastest, and could be a novel potential strain that aids the anammox process.     

Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil: Coupling merits and energy consumption

● Coupling merits of SEE and ERH were explored by a laboratory-scale device. ● SEE promotes the soil electrical conductivity and ERH process. ● Preheating soil by ERH improves the soil permeability and SEE. ● Combined method is more energy-efficient for perchloroethylene extraction. In situ thermal desorption (ISTD) technology effectively remediates soil contaminated by dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). However, more efforts are required to minimize the energy consumption of ISTD technology. This study developed a laboratory-scale experimental device to explore the coupling merits of two traditional desorption technologies: steam-enhanced extraction (SEE) and electrical resistance heating (ERH). The results showed that injecting high-density steam (> 1 g/min) into loam or clay with relatively high moisture content (> 13.3%) could fracture the soil matrix and lead to the occurrence of the preferential flow of steam. For ERH alone, the electrical resistance and soil moisture loss were critical factors influencing heating power. When ERH and SEE were combined, preheating soil by ERH could increase soil permeability, effectively alleviating the problem of preferential flow of SEE. Meanwhile, steam injection heated the soil and provided moisture for maintaining soil electrical conductivity, thereby ensuring power stability in the ERH process. Compared with ERH alone (8 V/cm) and SEE alone (1 g/min steam), the energy consumption of combined method in remediating perchloroethylene-contaminated soil was reduced by 39.3% and 52.9%, respectively. These findings indicate that the combined method is more favorable than ERH or SEE alone for remediating DNAPL-contaminated subsurfaces when considering ISTD technology.     

修复受污染水体的潜流人工湿地微生物多样性研究

进行了潜流人工湿地修复受污染水体试验研究,并比较单一植物与单一填料系统与多种植物系统与多种填料系统的处理效果.运用PCR-DGGE技术研究3种不同类型的潜流人工湿地中微生物种群结构,结合多样性分析和聚类分析方法,分析了人工湿地微生物种群结构特征.     

预制混凝土柱与独立基础浆锚连接抗震性能研究∗

为研究预埋波纹套管内预制混凝土柱与独立基础浆锚连接试件的抗震性能,进行了 6 个预制装配式柱和 1 个现浇柱的拟静力低周循环往复荷载试验。试验重点研究了柱纵筋锚固长度、轴压比、柱底纵筋局部脱黏(柱底锚固纵筋 5 倍直径范围内)对预制柱抗震性能的影响。结果表明：柱纵筋锚固长度为 10d 时(d 为钢筋直径),基础发生了开裂破坏,随着锚固长度的增加,破坏形态由基础开裂破坏变为柱脚弯曲破坏;为使预制柱与现浇柱的抗震性能相当,柱纵筋最小浆锚长度不宜小于 20d;轴压比一定时,对柱纵筋进行局部脱黏处理,可改善试件的延性及耗能能力。柱纵筋锚固长度一定时,随着轴压比的增加,试件的水平极限承载力及刚度均增大。     

太湖大气氮、磷干湿沉降特征

于2018年1—12月,采集太湖湖滨及湖面共计9个点位600多个干湿沉降样品,估算了N、P干、湿沉降率以及全太湖2018年N、P干、湿沉降通量。结果表明,2018年太湖TN和TP月湿沉降率均值分别为161. 2和7. 1 kg/(km~2·月),TN和TP月干沉降率均值分别为103. 6和4. 5 kg/(km~2·月)。TN和TP年干沉降率空间分布规律为:湖面之上开阔水域处的TN和TP年干沉降率大于其他湖滨点位,TN和TP总沉降通量为7 702和333 t/a。2018年相比于2002—2003年,TN和TP总沉降通量分别降低了22. 6%和53. 8%。     

水质二硝基甲苯环境标准样品的研制

报道了水和废水环境监测所用水质二硝基甲苯环境标准样品的研制情况。其中对水质二硝基甲苯环境标准样品的作用、样品的制备、均匀性测定、稳定性考察以及定值分析等方面做了较详细的介绍。