Evaluation for sustainable land use in coastal areas: A landscape ecological prospect

Evaluation of sustainability is the core of research on sustainable land use. To a certain extent, traditional social, economic and ecological evaluation for sustainable land use can be regarded as an appraisal on the temporal scale without evaluation of spatial patterns. Landscape ecology can help to realize spatial evaluation for sustainable land use. In this paper, we construct landscape ecological indicators for evaluating sustainable coastal land use from the aspects of landscape productivity, threats and stability, to realize a synthetic temporal-spatial evaluation. These cover the five pillars of sustainable land use, i.e. productivity, security, protection, viability and acceptability. The results of applying landscape ecological evaluation to a case study in Wudi County in China show that land use sustainability is somewhat low and there are great regional differences between its 11 villages. We classified the 11 villages into 5 grades: strong sustainable land use, sustainable land use, weak sustainable land use, weak unsustainable land use, and strong unsustainable land use. Each grade has different land use characteristics and differs in the counter-measures required. But the core countermeasures in all the grades are to improve landscape productivity, to reduce human threats and to optimize landscape patterns.     

冲击倾向性煤体力-电感应规律试验研究

为提高冲击地压预测的准确性,应用自行研发的多通道电荷感应监测系统,对单轴压缩条件下冲击倾向性煤体变形破坏过程中力-电感应规律进行了试验研究。结果表明:冲击倾向性煤体的单轴抗压强度大,破坏失稳时间短,煤体失稳具有显著的突发性特点;冲击倾向性煤体的电荷波动幅值大于无冲击倾向性煤体的电荷波动幅值;冲击倾向性煤体的单位时间电荷量大于无冲击倾向性煤体的单位时间电荷量;冲击倾向性煤体表面累积的自由电荷总量和单位时间内从煤体表面逃逸出来的自由电荷数多于无冲击倾向性煤体的表面累积的自由电荷总量和单位时间内从煤体表面逃逸出来的自由电荷数;冲击倾向性煤体力-电感应规律曲线中存在一个冲击失稳的超前预警时间区域,该区域可为预测煤体发生冲击失稳做好预报准备。     

高层RC框架结构基于成本-效益准则的优化设计研究(Ⅱ)——应用

根据作者先前提出的优化模型及基于成本-效益准则的优化设计流程,以多目标遗传算法为搜索引擎,运用MATLAB语言开发了高层RC框架结构基于成本-效益准则的自动优化程序。研究结果表明,程序所产生的设计方案具有多样性、可选择性、业主主动参与性及可依靠经验等特点。     

Similarities and differences of metal distributions in the tissues of molluscs by using multivariate analyses

Multivariate analysis including correlation, multiple stepwise linear regression, and cluster analyses were applied to investigate the heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the different parts of bivalves and gastropods. It was also aimed to distinguish statistically the differences between the marine bivalves and the gastropods with regards to the accumulation of heavy metals in the different tissues. The different parts of four species of bivalves and four species of gastropods were obtained and analyzed for heavy metals. The multivariate analyses were then applied on the data. From the multivariate analyses conducted, there were correlations found between the soft tissues of bivalves and gastropods, but none was found between the shells and the soft tissues of most of the molluscs (except for Cerithidea obtusa and Puglina cochlidium). The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between the soft tissues were further complemented by the multiple stepwise linear regressions where heavy metals in the total soft tissues were influenced by the accumulation in the different types of soft tissues. The present study found that the distributions of heavy metals in the different parts of molluscs were related to their feeding habits and living habitats. The statistical approaches proposed in this study are recommended for use in biomonitoring studies, since multivariate analyses can reduce the cost and time involved in identifying an effective tissue to monitor the heavy metal(s) bioavailability and contamination in tropical coastal waters.     

Drowsy drivers: The effect of light and circadian rhythm on crash occurrence

Drowsiness has been recognized as a pervasive problem for drivers, with effects comparable to alcohol. Alcohol, however, has a clear legal limit for impairment; there are no comparable criteria to suggest sleepiness. Drowsiness has been associated with light and circadian rhythm. To investigate the joint effects of these factors on crash occurrence, along with other factors, single vehicle crashes reported in Ontario (1999–2004) were analyzed. Crashes occurring at four times of day, when light varies and circadian rhythm is low (2–5 a.m. and 2–4 p.m.) and with similar light conditions and higher circadian rhythm (9–11 p.m. and 10 a.m.–12 noon). Logistic regression was used to see how light and other factors are associated with single vehicle crashes occurring at times of low circadian rhythm, when drowsiness is more likely.Initial results indicated many circumstances associated with occurrence at these times: the age and sex of the driver and reported driver condition as well as weather. There is, however, an interaction between light and presumed alertness. In separate analyses for daytime and night time crashes most variables were significant for nighttime crashes but not for daytime events. The effects of alcohol and youth remained. A lack of light may exacerbate the effects of other factors at times of low alertness; this should be further investigated in controlled environments such as sleep laboratories and/or driving simulators.     

洪水作用下汽车的起动流速研究

针对洪水作用下汽车的起动条件开展了一系列的研究:首先分析部分淹没状态下汽车的受力情况,结合滑动平衡的临界起动条件建立相关方程,导出了洪水中汽车起动流速公式;然后在室内水槽中对三款模型车进行了一系列的起动试验。试验结果表明:对于同一款模型车,平行于水流方向放置时,起动流速与水深的相关性较好;并且水深越大,起动流速越小。接着运用试验资料率定了起动流速公式中的相关参数。最后采用模型相似率及率定后的计算公式估算了原型车辆在不同水深下的起动流速,两种方法所得的结果较为接近,故预测结果较为可靠。     

基于Sentinel-2数据的苏州消夏湾生态安全缓冲区植被生长状况遥感监测评估

利用2021—2022年Sentinel-2卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪（MSI）遥感数据，通过SNAP遥感软件提供的植被生物物理参数处理模块（Biophysical Processor），反演了苏州消夏湾生态安全缓冲区的5种植被生物物理参数，包括植被吸收光合有效辐射比例（FAPAR）、植被覆盖度（FVC）、叶面积指数（LAI）、冠层叶绿素含量（CCC）和冠层含水量（CWC），开展植被生态环境监测评估研究。结果表明，该生态安全缓冲区2021年建成并投入运行后，植被覆盖度和生物量有所增加，区域植被冠层结构有所改善，植被生物物理参数从一定的角度反映了消夏湾生态安全缓冲区发挥了生态涵养成效。该研究方法能在大尺度上快捷、高效地反演植被生物物理参数，可为通过植被遥感动态监测评估生态安全缓冲区的生态功能提供有益的借鉴。     

论可持续发展的物质体系

可持续发展的物质体系包括资源、环境和生态。可持续发展的终极基础是资源物质变换，可持续发展的生存依托是环境，可持续发展的动态载体是生态平衡网络。本文通过分析资源、环境和生态之间的关系与相互作用，提出了可持续发展的基础是物质体系的观点。     

Game theory approach to the analysis of inter-plant water integration in an eco-industrial park

Industrial water conservation is an important adaptation to the effects of climate change. In addition to water conservation within individual plants, wastewater can be reused/recycled among different companies through inter-plant water integration (IPWI) schemes. Such schemes are based on the concept of industrial ecology and industrial symbiosis, and can be used to achieve greater water savings than when water conservation is implemented in individual companies separately. However, in IPWI, each participating company seeks to maximise its own benefits. In the absence of centralised authority dictating the terms of water integration schemes, conventional modelling techniques are not appropriate. This paper shows how a game theory-based approach can be used to analyse the interaction of participating companies in an eco-industrial park seeking to develop an IPWI scheme.     

纳米羟基磷灰石对小麦植物酶及土壤酶活性的影响研究

采用土培方式研究纳米羟基磷灰石(NHAP)在不同质量分数下,小麦幼苗植株中3种植物酶及3种土壤酶活性的变化,并探讨添加不同质量分数NHAP对植物及土壤的影响.研究结果表明,添加NHAP后在初期(第7 d)能显著(p＜0.05)提高土壤pH值,但随着培养时间的推移,在第21 d时,对照处理(CK)与添加不同质量分数NHAP的处理1(T1)、处理2(T2)、处理3(T3)各处理间差异不显著(p＞0.05).添加NHAP可提高植物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,处理21 d后,与CK相比,除T1处理外,T2、T3处理SOD酶活性均显著提高.添加NHAP降低可过氧化物酶(POD)活性,在21 d处理时,T3处理POD酶活性显著降低,而T1、T2处理不明显.与CK相比,添加NHAP对植物过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性影响不显著.添加NHAP能提高小麦根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性,在第21 d,T1、T2、T3处理的土壤中过氧化氢酶活性显著增强,比CK分别提高19.5％、29.0％、49.8％.小麦根际土壤脲酶活性随时间延长变化不同,前14 d随NHAP质量分数升高而增加,之后随NHAP质量分数升高变化不明显.施加NHAP对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性影响不明显.综合考虑NHAP对小麦植物酶活性及土壤酶活性的影响以及经济成本等因素,确定添加纳米羟基磷灰石的适宜质量分数为1％.