探析雨水花园在住区中的应用——以武汉市百步亭景兰苑小区雨水花园设计为例

城市的发展与扩张导致生物栖息地与农林用地的减少,同时大量不透水材料的应用,打破了雨水的良性循环,导致城市洪涝干旱年年发生.于是,雨水花园更为广泛的应用模式成为了城市建设者们探索的焦点.以武汉市百步亭景兰苑小区为例,该设计尝试将雨水花园与住区景观设计相结合,营造一个安全、生态、经济、美观的城市绿色住区环境.图1,参5.     

Effect of ultra-micro powder Dendrobium officinale on the molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to study the effect of ultra-micro powder Dendrobium officinale on the molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation, in order to provide scientific basis for ultra-micro D. officinale therapy. The mice with spleen-deficiency constipation in treatment groups were respectively given the traditional decoction of D. officinale and 50% dose ultra-micro powder D. officinale. The metagenome DNA of intestinal flora was extracted from intestinal contents. Then ARDRA analysis was made after PCR by universal primer of bacteria. The results showed that OTUs, Shannon index and Brillouin index were the same between the normal group and the 50% dose ultra-micro powder group, and between the model group and the traditional decoction group, but greater in the former two groups than the latter ones. The similarity coefficient (0.500 0) was bigger between the 50% dose ultra-micro powder group and the normal group than between the model group and the traditional decoction group, which was 0.181 8. Both cluster analysis and principal components analysis showed that the molecular diversity of intestinal microbiotia in mice of 50% dose ultra-micro powder group was the closest to that in the normal group. The results showed that the weakened molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation can be regulated by the two kinds of D. officinale treatments to different extent. The efficacy of 50% dose ultra-micro powder D. officinale is better than the traditional decoction.     

内蒙古呼和浩特市大气TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs的健康风险评价

于2012—2013年6月和12月采集了内蒙古呼和浩特市大气颗粒物样品,用GC-MS分析测定其中16种PAHs的浓度,并用苯并(a)芘(Ba P)致癌、致突变等效浓度、终身致癌超额危险度和预期寿命损失3个指标评价了内蒙古呼和浩特市大气颗粒物TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs的人群健康风险。结果显示:内蒙古呼和浩特市大气颗粒物TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs对成人、儿童的日均暴露剂量范围分别为0.71×10~(-6)~2.01×10~(-6)、0.45×10~(-6)~1.28×10~(-6)和0.31×10~(-6)~2.41×10~(-6)、0.19×10~(-6)~1.15×10~(-6)mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs对成人和儿童的终身致癌超额危险度范围分别为2.21×10~(-6)~6.24×10~(-6)、1.41×10~(-6)~3.97×10~(-6)和0.95×10~(-6)~7.47×10~(-6)、0.60×10~(-6)~4.75×10~(-6),终身致癌超额危险度均处于可接受水平范围内(10-4~10~(-6))。TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs对成人和儿童的预期寿命损失范围分别为13.74~38.78、8.752~24.70和5.88~46.39、3.74~29.54 min。     

宁夏回族自治区干旱致灾危险性时空变化特征

基于宁夏地区22个气象站1971-2011年月降水量和月平均气温资料,综合考虑降水和蒸发,引入标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),分析该地区气象干旱变化情况,并在此基础上通过构建SPEI值与干旱等级的加权综合评价模型,评估该地区干旱致灾危险性,剖析其时空变化特征。结果表明:宁夏地区气象干旱呈显著加重趋势,年均SPEI值1972-2011年以0.37·(10a)-1的速率显著减小;该地区气象干旱呈现自南向北逐渐加重的空间分布格局,且干旱加重速度呈现由中部干旱带向南北分别递增的空间变化特征。1972-2011年,宁夏地区干旱致灾危险性呈显著增大趋势,干旱致灾危险性指数近40年减小速率为0.12·(10a)-1;该地区干旱致灾危险性在空间分布上表现为北部引黄灌区高于中南部地区,且危险性的增速呈现中部较缓、南北较快的空间变化特征。     

完善自然资源产权和用途管制的制度研究

自然资源具有极强的外部性和公共产品特性,通过行政手段进行自然资源用途管制不仅效率低下,甚至加剧资源过度开采和浪费使用,其主要原因是自然资源产权界定不清所产生的外部不经济。内化资源外部性和避免"公地悲剧"的关键是建立主体清晰、权责明确的资源产权制度。建立完善的自然资源产权制度,明确所有权主体,划清权利边界,加快推进确权登记、建立合理的价格形成机制、让市场在资源管制中发挥主导作用,让政府和市场形成合力,才能规范资源用途管制,提高资源使用效率和水平。     

Kinetics of Solvent Blue and Reactive Yellow removal using microwave radiation in combination with nanoscale zero-valent iron

We investigated the efficiency and kinetics of the degradation of soluble dyes over the p H range 5.0–9.0 using a method employing microwave radiation in combination with nanoscale zero-valent iron(MW–n ZVI). The n ZVI particles(40–70 nm in diameter) were prepared by a liquid-phase chemical reduction method employing starch as a dispersant.Compared to the removal of Solvent Blue 36 and Reactive Yellow K-RN using only n ZVI,more rapid and efficient dye removal and total organic carbon removal were achieved using MW–n ZVI. The dye removal efficiency increased significantly with decreasing p H, but was negligibly affected by variation in the microwave power. The kinetics of dye removal by MW–n ZVI followed both an empirical equation and the pseudo first-order model, while the kinetics of dye removal using n ZVI could only be described by an empirical equation. It was also concluded that microwave heating of the dye solutions as well as acceleration of corrosion of n ZVI and consumption of Fe(II) were possible reasons behind the enhanced dye degradation.     

改性膨润土负载纳米零价铁处理水污染综述

文章综述了近来膨润土负载纳米零价铁的合成与改性方法,以及不同改性膨润土负载纳米零价铁对不同水相无机和有机污染物的还原降解情况,分析了膨润土的改性方法对纳米零价铁颗粒整体功能活性影响的特性和机理。总结了改性膨润土负载纳米零价铁技术尚需解决的问题和今后研究的发展方向。     

启东市无植被潮滩沉积物汞污染特征研究

通过对启东市蒿枝港潮滩潮间带15个表层样品及2个柱样总汞含量及沉积物粒度测试的分析,对启东潮滩沉积物汞含量特征及影响因素进行了研究。并应用地累积指数法对汞的富集及污染状况进行评价。结果表明,该区域沉积物中存在一定程度的汞污染;沉积物中黏土颗粒物的含量与总汞含量间有良好的正相关关系。     

生物法污染治理的生物强化技术研究进展

综述了生物强化技术及其降解理论,分析了生物强化法净化效率的影响因素,详细列举了直接投加高效降解微生物或共代谢基质类物质、固定化生物强化技术、引入生物强化制剂、生物强化工艺等四个方面的生物强化技术,分别介绍了废水、废气处理中生物强化技术的研究进展及典型应用实例,并指出了生物强化技术研究的发展趋势。     

污染源监督性监测中比对监测技术要求研究

为了加强环境监督管理,实现对重点监控企业的动态监控,《污染源自动监控管理办法》要求所有重点监控企业安装污染源自动监控设备.同时《国家重点监控企业污染源自动监控设施考核规程》中要求环境监测站对国家重点监控企业的污染源在线监测系统定期进行比对监测,在每季度进行污染源监督性监测的同时,采用标准方法对污染源在线监测系统进行比对监测,并根据监测的结果对污染源在线监测系统数据的有效性做出判断.