我国固定源大气颗粒物监测技术的现状与改进建议

针对国内固定源大气颗粒物监测技术的现状及不足,通过对资料总结发现国内固定源排放颗粒物的监测技术现状中存在国标精度要求较低和技术细节不足等问题,并重点从分级采样和大气低浓度颗粒物检测方面深入剖析相关技术的不足与需求,并结合国内外的经验,从国标的修订与补充、分级采样技术体系的建立和低浓度大气颗粒物采样方法的改进等3个方面提出技术与设备方面的改进建议。     

浅谈滨海湿地生态环境退化监测与评价

指出了滨海湿地面临的主要环境问题。简述了美国、欧洲、澳大利亚等滨海湿地现状及监测评价方法。对我国滨海湿地管理与研究进展进行了分析探索。     

天津市基于新标准的空气质量预报模型效果评估

利用2015年环境空气质量监测数据,对天津市OPAQ空气质量统计预报模型预测效果进行验证评估。结果表明,模型对天津市AQI和PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_3、NO——2的预测结果与实测结果具有较好的趋势一致性,且预测时间越临近,拟合度越好,24 h预报的相关系数r全部达到0.8以上。对PM_(2.5)的预报性能明显优于PM_(10)、O_3和NO_2,PM_(2.5)平均值预测略呈正偏差,但重污染预测值偏低约15%;O_3和NO_2预测值呈明显负偏差,O_3峰值预测不足,NO_2预测值整体偏低,均以24 h预报趋势性最好,但负偏差最为突出。     

废水污染物排放总量控制监测技术路线及要求

从中国污染物宏观控制目标出发,阐述了中国实施废水污染物排放总量控制监测的技术路线、监测项目以及相关技术要求。对污染物排放总量控制监测分析方法的应用、采样及测流等有关技术问题,提出了见解。以１９９８年污染源调查统计资料为例,提出了污染物排放总量控制监测方案及有关监测质量的保证措施。     

环境空气中丙烯酸乙酯的气相色谱法测定

建立了环境空气中丙烯酸乙酯的TenaxGC吸附 -热解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法回收率为 87 3%～1 0 7 1 % ,变异系数为 5 3%～ 7 2 %。当采样体积为 2L时 ,检测限为 0 0 2mg/m3,具有采样时间短 ,不用任何溶剂等特点。     

Effect of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and As) on the ultrastructure of Sargassum pallidum in Daya Bay, China

Concentrations of Cu, Pb, and As were determined in seawater, surface sediment, Sargassum pallidum collected from the Daya Bay, China. The influence of metal contamination on the marine alga was investigated at chemical and ultrastructural level. Mean concentrations of Cu (19.44 mg kg^?1) and Pb (33.99 mg kg^?1) were found to be high in sediment, whereas concentration of As (122.29 mg kg^?1) in S. pallidum was higher than that in water and sediment. The ultrastructure of S. pallidum cells was anomalous and aberrant. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic analysis revealed that the nanometal particles in the form of comparatively high-electron density substance diffused in the cell structures constituted by Cu, Pb, As, etc. There is a remarkable similarity or correspondence in the anomalous elements between the geochemistry and the botanic cell, and the heavy metals have potential hazardous effect on the ocean ecology system in Daya Bay.     

污染源排气自动监测氮氧化物的不确定度分析

使用烟气排放连续监测系统自动监测仪器测定污染源排气中氮氧化物,按照最新的《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF1059.1—2012)的要求,测量不确定度评定的要求,首次对其氮氧化物自动监测的不确定度进行分析,得出不确定度报告。     

Occurrence,sources, and ecological risks of PBDEs,PCBs, OCPs,and PAHs in surface sediments of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster,China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 25 surface sediments in three cities (Nantong, Wuxi, and Suzhou) in the Yangtze River Delta, eastern China were measured. The mean concentrations were 378, 45.8, 1.98, 4,002 ng/g for PBDEs, OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs, respectively. Their levels in the sediments in the three cities were generally consistent with the city industrialization. PBDEs and OCPs were markedly dominated by deca-BDE (>90 %) and DDTs (>70 %). A principle component analysis of the analytes identified three major factors suggesting different sources of the contaminants in the sediments. PBDEs and the organic carbon in the sediments have common sources from industrial activities; whereas OCPs and PCBs, correlated with the second factor, were mainly from historical sources. The third factor with loadings of PAHs is indicative of various combustion sources. Ecological risk assessment indicated that the potential highest risk is from DDTs, for which 22 sites exceed the effects range low (ERL) values and three sites exceed the effects range median (ERM) value.     

EDTA-2Na/Fe(Ⅱ)对自养生物体系下硝酸盐还原过程的影响

采用厌氧序批式生物膜反应器(ASBBR),以固定浓度的硝酸盐和硫酸亚铁为基质,按不同梯度条件添加EDTA-2Na,进行长时间的培养驯化,研究铁盐脱氮的启动过程,同时探究不同EDTA-2Na/Fe(Ⅱ)对铁自养反硝化过程以及硝酸盐异化还原为铵(DNRA)的影响.结果表明:经过65d的培养驯化,反应器成功稳定运行.当EDTA-2Na/Fe(Ⅱ)<1.50时,反应器只进行铁自养反硝化过程,NO₃^--N去除率最高仅为71.70%;当EDTA-2Na/Fe(Ⅱ)≥1.50时,反应器同时进行铁自养反硝化与DNRA过程,NO₃^--N去除率最高为99.70%.值得注意的是,在EDTA-2Na/Fe(Ⅱ)=1.50时,铁自养反硝化速率达到最大值1.63mg/(L·h)的同时,DNRA的产氨量也达到最大值9.75mg/L.Visual MINTEQ模拟结果表明:EDTA-2Na与Fe(Ⅱ)的摩尔比会影响进水中EDTA-2Na与Fe(Ⅱ)的存在形态,物质的量比越大,FeEDTA^2-度越高,Fe...