Occurrence and impact of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in the air and soil around a municipal solid waste incinerator

To assess the influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) on the environment in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators(MSWIs), we determined the levels of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples collected around a MSWI, which is the largest in China. The International Toxicity Equivalency Quantity(I-TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air samples were from 0.0300 to 1.03 pg I-TEQ/m~3(0.445–13.6 pg/m~3), with an average of 0.237 pg I-TEQ/m~3, while in soil samples they ranged from 0.520 to 3.40 pg I-TEQ/g(2.41–88.7 pg/g) with an average of1.49 pg I-TEQ/g. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples were comparable to other areas, and Pe CDFs were the dominant contributors, which was different from stack gas homologue patterns. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that PCDD/Fs emission from the MSWI did not directly affect the profiles of PCDD/Fs in air and soils, so that vehicles and unidentified emission sources should be considered. The daily inhalation levels of PCDD/Fs for children(0.0110 to 0.392 pg I-TEQ/(kg·day) and adults(0.00600 to 0.221 pg I-TEQ/(kg·day) near the MSWI were lower than the tolerable daily intake of 1.00 to 4.00 pg WHO-TEQ/(kg·day), but in winter the values were higher than in summer. These results can be used as basic data for assessing the risk of PCDD/Fs exposure in residents living around this MSWI, and more monitoring programs and studies should be carried out around MSWIs.     

工业源挥发性有机物动态更新平台的建立与研究

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是一类重要的大气污染物质,通过工业源VOCs动态更新平台对其进行管控是十分必要的.对比分析国内外VOCs动态更新机制的发展状况,结合天津市建立的工业源VOCs排放申报平台,提出了包括建立涵盖全行业的统一申报系统、建立规范的申报和审核流程、确定统一的总量核算办法、形成工业源VOCs排放清单、建立VOCs动态更新机制在内的动态更新平台建立思路,用于指导工业源VOCs的污染防治工作.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in e-waste: Level and transfer in a typical e-waste recycling site in Shanghai,Eastern China

Very few data for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were available in the electronic waste (e-waste) as one of the most PBDEs emission source. This study reported concentrations of PBDEs in e-waste including printer, rice cooker, computer monitor, TV, electric iron and water dispenser, as well as dust from e-waste, e-waste dismantling workshop and surface soil from inside and outside of an e-waste recycling plant in Shanghai, Eastern China. The results showed that PBDEs were detected in the majority of e-waste, and the concentrations of ΣPBDEs ranged from not detected to 175 g/kg, with a mean value of 10.8 g/kg. PBDEs were found in TVs made in China after 1990. The mean concentrations of ΣPBDEs in e-waste made in Korea, Japan, Singapore and China were 1.84 g/kg, 20.5 g/kg, 0.91 g/kg, 4.48 g/kg, respectively. The levels of ΣPBDEs in e-waste made in Japan far exceed the threshold limit of RoHS (1.00 g/kg). BDE-209 dominated in e-waste, accounting for over 93%. The compositional patterns of PBDEs congeners resembled the profile of Saytex 102E, indicating the source of deca-BDE. Among the samples of dust and surface soil from a typical e-waste recycling site, the highest concentrations of Σ₁₈PBDEs and BDE-209 were found in dust in e-waste, ranging from 1960 to 340,710 ng/g and from 910 to 320,400 ng/g, which were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than other samples. It suggested that PBDEs released from e-waste via dust, and then transferred to surrounding environment.     

电子废弃物回收处置及再循环利用——基于在校大学生的问卷调查

随着现代科技的迅猛发展和人们消费水平的日益提高，越来越多的电子产品被时尚性淘汰，其次是功能性淘汰，而由于耐久性淘汰的电子废弃物所占比例越来越低。问卷调查结果表明，体验消费、追求时尚和更多功能是在校大学生消费电子产品的主要特征；大多数被调查者不满意目前的电子废弃物回收途径，期待能有所改善；接近三成的在校大学生不知道如何合理处置电子废弃物；消费者、生产者和废品回收者的环保意识水平较低，市场不规范和政府在法律法规及监管上的疏漏，是造成目前电子废弃物回收市场秩序混乱的主要原因。     

火灾事故致因的多因素灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析方法,以河南省6年的火灾事故统计数据为例,通过计算和分析纵火、电气、违反操作规程等多因素与火灾事故间的灰色关联度及灰色关联序;确定出影响火灾事故的主要相关因素;得出火灾多因素与火灾事故间关系的定量化分析结果。该研究为确定火灾因素间的关系提供了一种较为科学的定量评价方法,对分析事故主要原因、掌握火灾事故发生规律提供支撑,对提出有效对策有重要的理论意义和实用价值;同时,有利于减少火灾事故的发生,促进社会的安全与稳定。     

再生资源产业内涵及其与相关产业关系

作为国民经济中较为新兴的产业，再生资源产业的界定及其构成还未达成完全一致的理解。在明确再生资源的定义及其分类的基础上，着重探讨再生资源产业的内涵及其与相关产业的关联，提出再生资源产业政策的制定，需要注意与相关产业政策之间相协调。     

污水处理厂CAST工艺的调试及运行

概述了南京仙林污水处理厂活性污泥的培养以及调试运行,重点介绍了仙林污水处理厂的基本情况以及CAST工艺的调试运行状况,最后得出一些个人的调试经验以及观点.     

合成洗涤剂生产废水处理技术

采用混凝法对高浓度合成洗涤剂生产废水进行预处理,去除废水中大量的SS、油脂类物质及表面活性剂,出水与其他低浓度废水混合进行生物氧化处理。试验结果表明,混凝气浮法对COD、SS及油脂类物质去除效果明显,COD去除率为35％－56％;在废水含盐量较高的情况下,生物氧化法仍有较高的处理效率,COD去除率达到70％－95％。     

上海城市水源战略与水源地保护:格局、问题与展望

上海地处中国东部平原感潮河网地区,水资源总量较为丰富,但随着近年来区域快速的经济发展和城市化进程,河道水质逐渐恶化,水质型缺水现象日趋严重。在深入分析上海市水资源特点及饮用水源地分布格局的基础上发现,区域水资源量来源差异显著,河流水质空间分异明显,黄浦江上游及长江口集中水源地与众多郊区分散水源地并存现象突出;指出当前水源地存在区域发展与上游来水影响黄浦江上游水源有效保护,盐水入侵与污水排放制约长江口水源地充分开发,分散格局与水体污染阻碍郊区水源安全利用等一系列问题;最后,分别提出了具有针对性的两江并举城市水源战略,以及黄浦江上游水源地、长江口水源地的保护策略。