The effectiveness and heterogeneity of carbon emissions trading scheme in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Some developed economies have run emission trading scheme (ETS) to mitigate carbon emissions. However, we know little about the effectiveness and...     

计算机技术在建筑火灾安全上的综合应用

为通过计算机技术低成本的、高效的、准确的解决建筑火灾安全问题,对计算机技术在建筑结构火灾安全上的综合应用进行研究,并以某一小学教学楼为例将应用成果进行展示。首先,通过FDS软件对该建筑某火灾场景进行了火场数值模拟。基于FDS的数据,利用RCFire程序进行了结构构件内部温度计算和结构火灾反应计算。最后,在Vega的虚拟现实平台上将构件内部温度和结构火灾反应的结果进行了动态图形展示,并实现了结构火灾反应的同步漫游。本文将建筑火场模拟技术、结构火灾反应计算技术和场景表现技术上综合应用到同一建筑上,形成了一个更为准确的结构火灾反应模拟系统,同时也为进一步的建筑火灾场景仿真奠定了基础。     

Degradation of Ni–EDTA complex by Fenton reaction and ultrasonic treatment for the removal of Ni<Superscript>2+</Superscript> ions

It is difficult to meet the increasingly stringent environmental regulations by the application of conventional precipitation processes treating complex heavy metal wastewaters. We studied the potential of a new method for removing heavy metals from metal–EDTA wastewater by Fenton reaction followed by hydroxide precipitation. This process is referred to as Fenton reaction-hydroxide precipitation (FR-HP) process. This study investigated the use of FR-HP and ultrasonic/FR-HP processes for the removal of Ni(II) from Ni–EDTA wastewater. The results indicate that ultrasonic/FR-HP process is more effective for the removal of nickel ions than FR-HP process.     

Microbial response to repeated treatments of manure containing sulfadiazine and chlortetracycline in soil

Substantive addition of antibiotic-contaminated manure to agricultural soil may lead to “persistent” residues of antibiotics and may affect soil health. Therefore, this study examines the effects of repeated manure treatments containing sulfadiazine (SDZ) and chlortetracycline (CTC) residues, both individually and combined, on the functional diversity and structure of soil microbial communities in the soils under laboratory conditions. The average well color development (AWCD), Simpson diversity index (1/D, dominant populations), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′, richness), and McIntosh diversity index (U, evenness) in the antibiotics-treated soils decreased in the first 60-day treatment and then gradually recovered or even exceeded the initial level in the unamended soils with increasing treatment frequency. A total of 11 specific bands in temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) profiles were observed and sequence analyzed for five repeated treatments, and most of them belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. These results indicate that repeated treatments of manure containing SDZ and CTC residues can alter soil microbial community structure, although they have a temporary suppression effect on soil microbial functional diversity.     

Nature Reserve and Ecotourism Development in China's Wuzhishan Mountain Region

Abstract

As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehensive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper's purpose. Finally, recommendations are presented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain Region.     

Interprovincial migration in China, 1985–2005: a gravity modeling approach

This paper tries to identify the characters that might affect interprovincial migrants’ decisions and examine how and why the influence of these characters changed over time individually and synthetically in China during 1985–2005. We have investigated six types of factors, namely, distance, population density, income, employment structure, house price, and migration stock. In addition, we apply the identified factors with a multiple stepwise regression model to a longitudinal dataset, which consists of interprovincial migration flows over the last two decades in China. It is found that different factors have disparate impacts on migration in China, and they can be decomposed into push force in origin area and pull force in destination area. Factors shaping China’s interprovincial migration have shifted from traditional factors such as distance to economic factors such as income and employment structure. This paper suggests that more attention should be paid to obtain detailed migration data with spatial information and develop applicable models for migration processes. Our analysis provides references for development planners and policymakers to develop sound population policies to achieve regional sustainable development in China.     

Responses of reproduction and important value of dominant plant species in different plant functional type in Kobresia meadow to temperature increase

Responses of reproduction and IV (important value) of dominant plant species in different PFT to warming were studied at a Kobresia meadow in the Tibetan Autonomous State of Qinghai Province, China (37°29′–37°45′ N, 101°12′–101°33′ E, 3900 m asl) using the temperature gradient method formalized by the ITEX. Responses of Elymus nutans and Poa pratensis (Gramineous PFT) to increasing temperature were similar. The numbers of tillers, buds and IV increased in the chambers treated with higher temperature compared to the control without treatments (CK). Responses of Kobresia humilis and Carex alrofusca (Cyperaceae PFT) to increasing temperature were different, that is, the numbers of tillers and IV reached the maximum in different temperature among species, the numbers of buds decreased with the temperature increasing. The number of buds and IV of Lagotis brachystachya (Forbs PFT) decreased with the warming, but the number of stolons was initially large, and then decreased with increasing temperature. The number of buds of Ranunculus brotherusii (Forbs PFT) increased with the temperature increasing in the first year, but decreased in the second year; and IV decreased with the temperature warming. Under conditions of continued warming in the future, PFT structure will be significantly changed, Cyperaceae PFT dominant plant species original position will be replaced by Gramineae PFT dominant plant species. Cyperaceae plants will become the dominant species, and some species belonging to Forbs PFT will be eliminated from the community.     

基于动作分析的公路作业服装功能设计

本文基于人体工效学原理,对公路作业十个基本动作进行实验来测量不同作业状态下人体体型变化参数从而确定成衣尺寸。在此基础上进行结构与款式设计,开发了标准型、防护加强型、功能加强型三种公路作业服,有针对性地提高服装的防护和缓解疲劳功能,最大程度的实现其功能与舒适性。     

欧盟新技术法规(EU168/2013)中功能安全及增强功能安全的分析

欧盟2013年1月15日发布关于摩托车的新技术法规(EU 168/2013).EU 168/2013主要涉及两轮或三轮车辆和四轮车批准和市场监督.提高车辆的安全性,将车辆装备或技术引入技术法规,功能安全及增强功能安全是EU 168/2013重点之一.本文对EU 168/2013中功能安全概念、功能安全要求、型式批准为目标功能安全要求、增强功能安全要求进行分析并提出应对方法.     

电加热服装的研制

本文采用电加热原理,研制了一种加热服装,由背心、电池和加热载体三部分组成,可遥控操作不同的发热功率,全功率发热时间大于3h,衣内表面温度不低于50℃。