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231.
通过对目前已出台油气田含油污泥处理相关标准的解析,针对标准之间存在着适用范围不一致、检测项目名称及限值不一致、检测方法不统一以及计算基础不统一等,造成油气田环保工作者和管理者认识上的混乱,对含油污泥处理技术的选用和治理市场的管理带来诸多问题。为加快促进油气田含油污泥处理减量化、资源化、无害化技术的发展,建议尽快出台有针对性、普适性强、统一的油气田含油污泥污染控制标准,确保含油污泥处理既科学合理,又经济可行;同时制定针对性强的含油污泥污染物检测方法,检测方法统一、计算公式一致,保证结果真实可靠,具有可比性。 相似文献
232.
有机磷酸酯(OPEs)是一类重要的有机磷阻燃剂,近些年逐渐取代了溴代阻燃剂,广泛应用于各行各业,也因此导致在多种环境介质中有较高的暴露量和潜在风险。已有研究表明,OPEs具有一定的毒理效应,对人体及其他生物均有潜在危害。本文综述了近年来国内外OPEs的检测技术,详述了不同环境介质OPEs的前处理方法。结果表明,目前固相萃取(SPE)和固相微萃取(SPME)仍是水样前处理的主要方法;对于固体样品,加速溶剂萃取/加压液相萃取(ASE/PLE)和微波辅助萃取(MAE)应用较多;虽然大气样品仍以固体吸附剂方式为主,但已向在线一体化方向发展;而生物样品的前处理方法多与水样和固体样品方法相似;但是对于复杂环境介质中OPEs样品的前处理较为困难,方法有待改善;气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和气相色谱-氮磷检测器(GC-NPD)对弱极性和易挥发的OPEs分析效果好,而强极性和难挥发的OPEs多用液相色谱-质谱联用(LCMS);气相色谱-质谱串联(GC-MS/MS)、液相色谱-质谱串联(LC-MS/MS)和高效液相色谱-质谱串联(UPLC-MS/MS)等对多种复杂的环境介质中的OPEs均有较好的检测分析效果,但并未普及。最后,对OPEs分析测试方法的发展趋势提出了展望。 相似文献
233.
Ying Cui Feng Tan Yan Wang Suyu Ren Jingwen Chen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(6):111
234.
Xiao Pengying Ai Shuo Zhou Jing Luo Xiaojing Kang Baowen Feng Li Zhao Tiantao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(30):37188-37198
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is of growing... 相似文献
235.
Feyissa Adugna Yang Fan Feng Jiao Wu Junjun Chen Qiong Cheng Xiaoli 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10528-10540
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil labile and recalcitrant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are strongly controlled by plant inputs and climatic conditions. However, the interrelation... 相似文献
236.
孔锋 《长江流域资源与环境》2020,29(1):150-163
基于气象行业的“寒冷程度等级”,采用1961~2017年中国545个日值最低气温站点数据,从气候态特征、变化趋势和波动特征3个方面分析近57年来中国不同寒冷天气日数时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)1961~2017年中国寒冷天气日数随着寒冷等级降低而逐渐增多。其中极寒和严寒天气日数仅分布在高纬度、高海拔地区。随着寒冷等级降低,寒冷天气日数逐渐向南方发展。(2)1961~2017年中国不同等级寒冷天气日数变化趋势具有各自不同的空间分异特征。高等级寒冷天气日数以减少趋势为主,且主要集中在高纬度、高海拔地区;随着寒冷等级降低,寒冷天气日数呈增加和减少趋势的范围不断增加。1991~2017年的高等级寒冷天气日数变化趋势相比1961~1990年偏小;随着寒冷等级增高,趋势偏大的地区不断增多。(3)1961~2017年中国高等级寒冷天气日数在高纬度、高海拔地区波动较大;随着寒冷等级降低,寒冷天气日数波动较大的地区逐渐向南方发展,且呈现出南方波动大、北方波动小的特征。中低等级寒冷天气日数波动差异特征分别集中在长江流域地区和南方沿海沿边地区。高等级寒冷天气日数波动差异特征则主要集中于高纬度、高海拔地区。 相似文献
237.
近年来,配电网中分布式能源、电动汽车等负荷的接入率越来越高,配电网的网络架构和功能趋于复杂,在电网运行中带来不少问题。基于泛在电力物联网的新形势下,对宁夏宁东地区分布式电源、电动汽车等负荷的接入以及宁东基地用户侧的用电特点进行分析,提出主动配电网建设的思路及初步治理措施,对宁东地区“十四五”电网规划建设具有一定的现实意义和参考价值。 相似文献
238.
Eco-Environmental Degradation in the Source Region of the Yellow River, Northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and the cradle of the Chinese civilization. The source region of the Yellow River is the most important water holding area for the Yellow River, about 49.2% of the whole runoff comes from this region. However, for the special location, it is a region with most fragile eco-environment in China as well. Eco-environmental degradation in the source region of the Yellow River has been a very serious ecological and socially economic problem. According to census data, historical documents and climatic information, during the last half century, especially the last 30 years, great changes have taken place in the eco-environment of this region. Such changes are mainly manifested in the temporal-spatial changes of water environment, deglaciation, permafrost reduction, vegetation degeneracy and desertification extent, which led to land capacity decreasing and river disconnecting. At present, desertification of the region is showing an accelerating tendency. This paper analyzes the present status of eco-environment degradation in this region supported by GIS and RS, as well as field investigation and indoor analysis, based on knowledge, multi-source data is gathered and the classification is worked out, deals with their natural and anthropogenic causes, and points out that in the last half century the desertification and environmental degradation of this region are mainly attributed to human activities under the background of regional climate changes. To halt further degradation of the environment of this region, great efforts should be made to use land resources rationally, develop advantages animal agriculture and protect the natural grassland. 相似文献
239.
Weyer PJ Smith BJ Feng ZF Kantamneni JR Riley DG 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):81-90
Nitrate contamination of water sources is a concern where large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers are regularly applied to soils.
Ingested nitrate from dietary sources and drinking water can be converted to nitrite and ultimately to N-nitroso compounds,
many of which are known carcinogens. Epidemiologic studies of drinking water nitrate and cancer report mixed findings; a criticism
is the use of nitrate concentrations from retrospective drinking water data to assign exposure levels. Residential point-of-use
nitrate data are scarce; gaps in historical data for municipal supply finished water hamper exposure classification efforts.
We used generalized linear regression models to estimate and compare historical raw water and finished water nitrate levels
(1960s--1990s) in single source Iowa municipal supplies to determine whether raw water monitoring data could supplement finished
water data to improve exposure assessment. Comparison of raw water and finished water samples (same sampling date) showed
a significant difference in nitrate levels in municipalities using rivers; municipalities using other surface water or alluvial
groundwater had no difference in nitrate levels. A regional aggregation of alluvial groundwater municipalities was constructed
based on results from a previous study showing regional differences in nitrate contamination of private wells; results from
this analysis were mixed, dependent upon region and decade. These analyses demonstrate using historical raw water nitrate
monitoring data to supplement finished water data for exposure assessment is appropriate for individual Iowa municipal supplies
using alluvial groundwater, lakes or reservoirs. Using alluvial raw water data on a regional basis is dependent on region
and decade. 相似文献
240.
Mingming Deng Alan H. S. Chan Feng Wu Linyan Sun 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(3):450-456
To explore the relationships between human factors and accident proneness of coal mine workers, the depth perception, dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of 239 Chinese coal mine workers were tested and their accident proneness was surveyed with an accident proneness questionnaire. The results indicated that dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of the mine workers declined with increasing age. Vigilance had a significant negative relationship with accident proneness. There were significant differences in vigilance between coal mine workers doing different types of work. Individual difference in vigilance was relevant to the type of work that an individual did in a coal mine. The dark adaptation index had a significant positive relationship with accident proneness. Coal mine workers with weaker dark adaptation ability were also more accident prone. Some ergonomics recommendations concerning coal mine safety management in China are proposed. 相似文献