三门火山盆地的层状矿床及其与盆地形成演化的关系

浙江三门中生代火山——沉积盆地的形成演化可分四个阶段。每一阶段均伴产有不同成因和各具特色的金属矿床,显示了陆相火山作用较为完整的成矿体系。其中层状矿床具有同生和后生的双重特征,多成因,多来源,是较典型的火山沉积——后期热液迭加改造型矿床。本文着重介绍它的主要特征及盆地的形成演化对火山成因矿床的控制。     

环境资源约束下中国工业绿色全要素水资源效率研究

通过构建RAM-SFA-RAM三阶段工业绿色全要素水资源效率测度模型，对其不同层面的效率值进行多维测度与比较分析，并利用空间Tobit模型对工业绿色全要素水资源效率的驱动机制进行实证检验.效率测度结果表明，环境因素与统计噪音是效率值计算中不可忽视的重要影响因素；全国样本的效率值在2000~2017年期间总体变化趋势是以持续上升为主，但距离理想发展状态还存在较大差距，具体阶段上可划分为“稳增期”、“振落期”和“提速期”；区域层面的检验中，东部效率具有较为显著的领先优势，而中部和东北部效率差异性相对较小，其变化曲线存在明显的“交互性”现象，西部则整体效率偏低；主要经济带的检验中，京津冀地区的工业绿色全要素水资源效率整体上要高于泛珠三角和泛长三角地区.驱动机制检验表明，基于全国样本维度的水资源禀赋、企业技术创新、用水结构和环境规制对工业绿色全要素水资源效率具有正向促进作用，而产业结构、城镇化率表现为负向抑制效应；在区域样本检验中，各影响要素在不同区域之间所呈现出的作用效果存在一定差异性，但产业结构调整、城镇化水平等应引起重视，不同区域需要依据其实际特点采取针对性的改进措施.     

环境与人口、经济和科技发展的协同探析

本文从环境与人口、经济和科技之间的相依关系出发，探讨了诸因素相互关联的内在协同机理，简析了IPAT模型的建构与应用。嗣后，利用IPAT模型解析了中国近15年来人口、经济和科技发展对环境影响的贡献差异；指出经济规模的迅速扩展和落后技术支持下的传统生产方式是加剧环境恶化的元凶，且技术转型期的负面影响也是不可忽视的重要因素；进而提出了中国未来环境与人口、经济和科技协同演化的对策措施。     

分光光度法测定嘉陵江中总磷

采用美国HACH公司DR/5000紫外可见分光光度计,及其专用试剂测定嘉陵江(南充段)上游、下游水样中总磷含量.测定总磷含量(以PO3-4计)适用范围(0.06 mg/L～3.50 mg/L),精密度和灵敏度较好,准确度高,标准物质的回收率都近于100%.对于样品中存在的干扰因素进行了有效的消除.简化了实验操作过程,使测试方法更加简便、快捷、试剂用量少,该方法通过美国环保局(USEPA)认可.     

Comparison of Black Carbon,Total Organic Carbon,and PAH Concentrations in Surface Sediments from Two Main Rivers in Henan Province,China

Black carbon (BC) in surface sediments from Henan section of Yellow River and Huaihe River, China, was determined. Average content of BC in Huaihe River was 0.33%, higher than that in Yellow River (n?=?23) with mean value of 0.15%. Distribution patterns of BC in Yellow River and Huaihe River were similar, namely that tributaries had higher BC content than main stream. In addition, BC content in the mainstream of Yellow River and Huaihe River decreased with altitude. The BC content presented a significant positive correlation with clay (r?=?0.672; p?<?0.01) content in Yellow River, while neither did in Huaihe River. The ratio of BC/TOC ranged from 1.8–57.4% (median 29.6%), evidencing pyrogenic fossil fuel source of BC in Yellow River. Relatively low values of BC/TOC in Huaihe River (5.3%–28.8%, median 7.5%,) reflected that the origin of BC is from burning of biomass. In addition, Pearson rank correlation analysis showed that BC was in strong correlation with lighter PAH in Yellow River, while BC was in significant correlation with heavier PAH in Huaihe River. The ratio of BC/TOC indicated that BC in Yellow River mainly came from fossil fuel combustion, while BC in Huaihe River was primarily from biomass burning.     

Comparison of a rhizosphere-based method with other one-step extraction methods for assessing the bioavailability of soil metals to wheat

There is no method recognized as a universal approach for evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. Based on the simulation of the rhizosphere soil conditions and integration of the combined effects of root-soil interactions as a whole, a rhizosphere-based method has been proposed. Wet fresh rhizosphere soil was extracted by low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) to fractionate metal fractions of soil pools, which were then correlated with the metal contents of wheat roots and shoots. The rhizosphere-based method was compared with other one-step extraction methods using DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 as extractants and the first step of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method. Simple correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for the comparison. Simple correlation indicated that the extractable Cu, Zn, Cr, and Cd of soils by the rhizosphere-based method were significantly correlated with the metal contents of wheat roots. For DTPA, BCR1 and EDTA methods there was a relatively poor correlation between the extractable Cu, Zn and Cd of soil and metal contents of wheat roots. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the equation of the rhizosphere-based method was the simplest one, and no soil properties variables needed to be added. In contrast, the equations of other one-step extraction methods were more complicated, and soil properties variables needed to be entered. The most distinct feature of the rhizosphere-based method was that the recommended method was suitable for acidic, neutral and near alkaline soils. However, the DTPA and EDTA extraction methods were suitable for calcareous soils only-or-only for acidic soils. The CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods were only suitable for exchangeable metals. In short, the rhizosphere-based method was the most robust approach for evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in soils to wheat.     

染整废水处理工程设计

采用“生物接触氧化 +混凝气浮 +生物炭”工艺处理染整废水 ,COD去除率可达到 90 %以上 ,工程实践表明 ,该工艺处理效果好 ,运行稳定 ,投资省 ,处理后出水可达标排放     

石灰湿法脱硫过程中pH条件对结垢的影响研究

针对石灰湿法脱硫中存在的结垢问题，在鼓泡床中模拟了石灰湿法脱硫过程，通过分析液相的组成，结合反应机理探讨了pH对结垢的影响。结果表明，当pH控制在6.0～4．0时，既能避免结垢，又能获得较高的脱硫率。提出了实际中预测结垢倾向的方法。     

类-Fenton体系对水中17β-雌二醇的光降解

以250W照明金属卤化物灯为光源研究了水中17β雌二醇(E2)在类Fenton体系中的光降解。结果表明,Fe(Ⅲ)/H2O2体系能有效地光降解E2。pH3～6范围内,E2光降解率及反应初始速率随酸度的增大而增大;H2O2初始浓度越大,E2降解率及反应初始速率越大;E2初始浓度越低,E2降解率越高,反应初始速率越低。     

车内空气中挥发性有机物的研究

采用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用法对4辆处于静止状态下的车辆内部空气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行了研究,共定性检出了48种有机物,其中C6～C9之间的组分较多;并对VOCs的总浓度进行了定量,1#～4#车分别为1846、2289、1104和3146 μg/m^3;其中BTEX占VOCs总量的20%～30%;车内VOCs浓度与温度及车辆使用年限密切相关.