苯蒸气在有机膨润土上的吸附行为研究

探讨了苯蒸气在膨润土原土、单阳离子有机膨润土及阴－阳离子有机膨润土上的吸附性能、机理及影响因素。结果表明，有机膨润土对苯蒸气有良好的吸附性能，两种阴－阳离子有机膨润土对气态苯的吸附能力大于单阳离子有机膨润土，表现出较强的协同吸附作用；有机膨润土对气态苯的吸附作用主要由分配作用所致，等温吸附线呈线性，吸附系数（Kd)与有机膨润土的有机碳含量（foc）成正相关，与温度及比表面积成负相关，吸附速率（r)与有机碳含量成正相关。有机膨润土具有较大的开发、应用潜力。     

不同pH条件下酵母菌处理高含油废水的研究

在使用混合酵母菌菌株处理高浓度含油废水中,研究了序批式反应器(SBR)内酵母菌在不同起始pH条件下对废水的处理效果.通过与pH中性或碱性条件比较发现,pH 4～5的条件在酵母菌的发泡抑制、菌体生长以及COD/油去除等方面均显示出更好的效果,pH 5是系统运行的最佳条件.长达100d的SBR连续运行试验表明,系统可以在pH=5条件下长期、稳定运行.     

高速铁路建设的环境影响分析及环保策略建议——以沪宁城际铁路为例

近年来高速铁路发展迅猛,与此同时高铁对沿线环境的影响及生态破坏已成为社会关注的热点问题,并引起国家及地方政府的高度重视.以沪宁城际高速铁路为研究案例,首先分析了高速铁路建设对沿线自然及生态环境影响的调查内容、方法和过程,然后论述了铁路噪声、振动电磁辐射、污水及固体废弃物对沿线环境的影响,并论述各类污染的生态防护措施.在此基础上,对沪宁城际铁路环保经验进行了总结归纳,最后提炼形成中国高速铁路建设发展的环保策略建议.     

Size distribution, characteristics and sources of heavy metals in haze episod in Beijing

Size segragated samples were collected during high polluted winter haze days in 2006 in Beijing, China. Twenty nine elements and 9 water soluble ions were determined. Heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, As, Cr, Ni, V and Cd were deeply studied considering their toxic effect on human being. Among these heavy metals, the levels of Mn, As and Cd exceeded the reference values of National Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012） and guidelines of World Health Organization. By estimation, high percentage of atmospheric heavy metals in PM2.5 indicates it is an effective way to control atmospheric heavy metals by PM2.5 controlling. Pb, Cd, and Zn show mostly in accumulation mode, V, Mn and Cu exist mostly in both coarse and accumulation modes, and Ni and Cr exist in all of the three modes. Considering the health effect, the breakthrough rates of atmospheric heavy metals into pulmonary alveoli are： Pb （62.1%） 〉 As （58.1%） 〉 Cd （57.9%） 〉 Zn （57.7%） 〉 Cu （55.8%） 〉 Ni （53.5%） 〉 Cr （52.2%） 〉 Mn （49.2%） 〉 V （43.5%）. Positive matrix factorization method was applied for source apportionment of studied heavy metals combined with some marker elements and ions such as K, As, SO42- etc., and four factors （dust, vehicle, aged and transportation, unknown） are identified and the size distribution contribution of them to atmospheric heavy metals are discussed.     

Lateral velocity distribution in open channels with partially flexible submerged vegetation

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - This study implemented three analytical models to investigate the lateral distribution of depth-averaged streamwise velocity in a rectangular channel with lateral,...     

Preface

正Air pollution as well as climate change and their possible effects on the environment,ecosystems and human health,are pressing challenges.Nowadays,it is clear that sustainable societal development cannot remain solely wealth-oriented,but must take into account the present and future environmental issues.However,this approach is possible only if scientifically sound knowledge in all environmental areas becomes available to our societies and decision makers,which requires a firm     

Influence of aeration modes on leachate characteristic of landfills that adopt the aerobic–anaerobic landfill method

As far as the optimal design, operation, and field application of the Aerobic–Anaerobic Landfill Method (AALM) are concerned, it is very important to understand how aeration modes (different combinations of aeration depth and air injection rate) affect the biodegradation of organic carbon and the transformation of nitrogen in landfill solid waste. Pilot-scale lysimeter experiments were carried out under different aeration modes to obtain detailed information regarding the influence of aeration modes on leachate characteristics. Results from these lysimeter experiments revealed that aeration at the bottom layer was the most effective for decomposition of organic carbon when compared with aeration at the surface or middle layers. Moreover, the air injection rate led to different nitrogen transformation patterns, unlike the lesser influence it has on organic carbon decomposition. Effective simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were observed for the aeration mode with a higher air injection rate (=1.0 L/min). On the other hand, the phenomenon of sequenced nitrification and denitrification could be observed when a low air injection rate (=0.5 L/min.) was employed. Finally, it is concluded that, for AALM, air injection with a higher air injection rate at the deepest layer near the leachate collection pipe tends to accelerate the stabilization of landfill waste as defined in terms of the enhancement of denitrification as well as organic carbon decomposition.     

多金属氧酸盐非均相光催化降解处理有机废水的研究进展

非均相光催化氧化是一种催化剂易于回收利用且研究广泛的高级氧化技术。本文综述了多金属氧酸盐(POMs)非均相光催化降解废水中有机污染物的研究现状。该类非均相光催化剂主要包括负载型POMs(载体主要有半导体氧化物、离子交换树脂和分子筛)、POMs复合膜材料、不溶性盐和多元复合物。讨论了其制备方法、降解效果、反应机理和重复使用性。最后,指出了该领域未来可能的研究方向,为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

生活垃圾填埋场填埋气中汞的分布特征

利用Tekran 2537A和Lumex RA-915汞分析仪分别对生活垃圾填埋场排气筒、填埋场内部的气态总汞变化规律进行了分析,结果表明,填埋场排气筒中气态总汞含量呈现明显的昼夜变化规律,白天高于夜间,并于午间达到峰值。气象条件对汞的释放过程有重要影响,光照强度与排气筒中气态总汞含量的相关性明显。受填埋场内部物理、化学、生物作用的影响,填埋场内部填埋气的汞浓度明显高于排气筒中填埋气的汞浓度。填埋场内部气态总汞变化规律为:植被覆盖区域明显低于无植被覆盖区域,表明有效的绿化措施对于控制填埋场汞污染具有重要意义。     

Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix combined with regional integration analysis to characterize the composition and transformation of humic and fulvic acids from landfill at different stabilization stages

Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) analysis was used to investigate the composition and transformation of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) from landfill. The EEMs of HAs at different landfill ages were characterized by two typical fluorescence chromophores with Ex/Em pairs at Ex = 420-470 nm/Em = 490-530 nm and Ex = 345-375 nm/Em = 450-465 nm. EEMs of FA were featured by other two distinctly different fluorophores with Ex/Em pairs at Ex = 315-335 nm/Em = 420-440 nm and Ex = 255-275 nm/Em = 425-455 nm. The results show that HA extracted from the refuse disposed in the year of 1989 was formed by connecting small-condensed aromatic structures with protein-like chains. Compared with HA extracted from the refuse disposed in the year of 1992, HA extracted from the refuse of 1996 had a higher fluorescence intensity and lower r_(B,A) (the ratio of the fluorescence intensities of peak B and peak A) value. It contained low molar mass components, low aromatic condensation degree, and more easily oxidized substituents. This indicates that the landfill time strongly affects the EEMs characteristics of HA, and that the humification degree of HA increases with the landfill time. A red shift to a longer wavelength region and an increase of fluorescence intensity were observed when the concentration of HA was increased, suggesting that concentration had a great influence on the fluorescence characteristics of HAs. pH (2-12) also had significant effects on the fluorescence intensity, although it exerted no effect on the peak position of fluorescence of HA and FA. The results of FRI show that increasing concentration lead to more interactions among various structure components and that small molecular weight units tend to aggregate or be masked into more complicated and larger structures. The pH influence on the fluorescence intensity of HA seems mainly through molecular configuration, while the fluorescence intensity change with pH may be due to various substituents of FA.