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221.
除尘管道磨损与防磨措施 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
讲述了除尘管道磨损的危害,对磨损的形成机理及其影响因素进行了分析,提出了防止磨损的技术措施,提供了一种新型结构的防磨弯头. 相似文献
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采用微波预处理菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort)种子,待种子出土萌发后进行uv.B辐射(10.08 kJ m-2 d-1,PAR=220μmol m-2 d-1)处理 6 d,研究了经不同时间微波辐照后菘蓝种子发育而成的幼苗在UV-B辐射下非酶类抗氧化剂(紫外吸收物质、花青素甙、谷胱甘肽、抗坏血酸和脯氨酸)的生物合成情况.结果显示,在UV-B辐射条件下,4种微波预处理均能不同程度促进紫外吸收物质、花青素甙、谷胱甘肽、抗坏血酸和脯氨酸的生物合成,降低丙二醛含量,增强幼苗对UV-B伤害的抗性.这表明,适当时间的微波预处理可以提高植物对增强UV-B辐射的抵抗能力,与此同时,过长时间微波处理也会抑制植物的生理生化代谢和非酶类抗氧化剂的生物合成,加重对植物的伤害.因此,微波具有相悖的防护效应,在生物学上应用时其剂量的大小十分关键. 相似文献
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This review aimed to systematically summarize the epidemiological literature on the cardiorespiratory effects of PM2.5 published during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020) in China. Original articles published between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2021 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Internet Database and Wanfang Database. Random- or fixed-effects models were used to pool effect estimates where appropriate. Of 8558 records identified, 145 met the full eligibility criteria. A 10 µg/m³ increase in short-term PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with increases of 0.70%, 0.86%, 0.38% and 0.96% in cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, and respiratory morbidity, respectively. The specific diseases with significant associations included stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia and allergic rhinitis. The pooled estimates per 10 µg/m³ increase in long-term PM2.5 exposure were 15.1%, 11.9% and 21.0% increases in cardiovascular, stroke and lung cancer mortality, and 17.4%, 11.0% and 4.88% increases in cardiovascular, hypertension and lung cancer incidence respectively. Adverse changes in blood pressure, heart rate variability, systemic inflammation, blood lipids, lung function and airway inflammation were observed for either short-term or long-term PM2.5 exposure, or both. Collectively, we summarized representative exposure-response relationships between short- and long-term PM2.5 exposure and a wide range of cardiorespiratory outcomes applicable to China. The magnitudes of estimates were generally smaller in short-term associations and comparable in long-term associations compared with those in developed countries. Our findings are helpful for future standard revisions and policy formulation. There are still some notable gaps that merit further investigation in China. 相似文献
226.
The formation and aging mechanism of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its influencing factors have attracted increasing attention in recent years because of their effects on climate change, atmospheric quality and human health. However, there are still large errors between air quality model simulation results and field observations. The currently undetected components during the formation and aging of SOA due to the limitation of current monitoring techniques and the interactions among multiple SOA formation influencing factors might be the main reasons for the differences. In this paper, we present a detailed review of the complex dynamic physical and chemical processes and the corresponding influencing factors involved in SOA formation and aging. And all these results were mainly based the studies of photochemical smog chamber simulation. Although the properties of precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxidants (such as OH radicals), and atmospheric environmental factors (such as NOx, SO2, NH3, light intensity, temperature, humidity and seed aerosols) jointly influence the products and yield of SOA, the nucleation and vapor pressure of these products were found to be the most fundamental aspects when interpreting the dynamics of the SOA formation and aging process. The development of techniques for measuring intermediate species in SOA generation processes and the study of SOA generation and aging mechanism in complex systems should be important topics of future SOA research. 相似文献
227.
Yanpeng Gao Teng Guo Xiaolin Niu Na Luo Jia Chen Junlang Qiu Yuemeng Ji Guiying Li Taicheng An 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(3):72-80
As a typical class of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs), the environmental transformation and abatement of preservative parabens have raised certain environmental concerns. However, the remediation of parabens-contaminated water using natural matrixes(such as, naturally abundant minerals) is not reported extensively in literature. In this study, the transformation kinetics and the mechanism of ethylparaben using natural sphalerite(NS) were investigated. The results show that around 63% of ethy... 相似文献
228.
Qiongfang Zhuo Xiaofeng Xu Shuibo Xie Xiuwen Ren Zhongying Chen Bo Yang Yanliang Li Junfeng Niu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(6):103-113
The simultaneous electro-oxidation of Ni (II)-citrate and electrodeposition recovery of nickel metal were attempted in a combined electro-oxidation-electrodeposition reactor with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a polished titanium cathode. Effects of initial nickel citrate concentration, current density, initial pH, electrode spacing, electrolyte type, and initial electrolyte dosage on electrochemical performance were examined. The efficiencies of Ni (II)-citrate removal and nickel metal recovery were determined to be 100% and over 72%, respectively, under the optimized conditions (10 mA/cm2, pH 4.09, 80 mmol/L Na2SO4, initial Ni (II)-citrate concentration of 75 mg/L, electrode spacing of 1 cm, and 180 min of electrolysis). Energy consumption increased with increased current density, and the energy consumption was 0.032 kWh/L at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 (pH 6.58). The deposits at the cathode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These characterization results indicated that the purity of metallic nickel in cathodic deposition was over 95%. The electrochemical system exhibited a prospective approach to oxidize metal complexes and recover metallic nickel. 相似文献
229.
Dongyou Wu Tenglong Shi Xiaoying Niu Ziqi Chen Jiecan Cui Yang Chen Xueying Zhang Jun Liu Mingxia Ji Xin Wang Wei Pu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):53-65
The Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer (ATAL) refers to an accumulation of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during boreal summer over Asia, which has a fundamental impact on the monsoon system and climate change. In this study, we primarily analyze the seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the ATAL and the factors potentially influencing those variations based on MERRA2 reanalysis. The ability of the reanalysis to reproduce the ATAL is well validated by CALIPSO observations from May to October 2016. The results reveal that the ATAL has a synchronous spatiotemporal pattern with the development and movement of the Asian Summer Monsoon. Significant enhancement of ATAL intensity is found during the prevailing monsoon period of July–August, with two maxima centered over South Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Owing to the fluctuations of deep convection, the ATAL shows an episodic variation on a timescale of 7–12 days. Attribution analysis indicates that deep convection dominates the variability of the ATAL with a contribution of 62.7%, followed by a contribution of 36.6% from surface pollutants. The impact of precipitation is limited. The ATAL further shows a clear diurnal variation: the peak of ATAL intensity occurs from 17:30 to 23:30 local time (LT), when the deep convection becomes strongest; the minimum ATAL intensity occurs around 8:30 LT owing to the weakened deep convection and photochemical reactions in clouds. The aerosol components of the ATAL show different spatiotemporal patterns and imply that black carbon and organic carbon come mainly from India, whereas sulfate comes mainly from China during the prevailing monsoon period. 相似文献
230.