Distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River北大核心CSCD

Macrobenthic communities are an important part of aquatic ecological system in the Yangtze River. Studies on macrobenthic community structure and diversity have important significance for development and protection of water resources in the Yangtze River. In this research, macrobenthic communities and their habitat in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River were investigated at 17 sites in May and September of 2013. Shannon-wiener diversity index was used to assess the diversity of macrobenthic communities. The results showed that there were 36 species at these 17 sites; the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic community were the highest in the Nanjing Reach and the Changzhou Reach, the lowest in the Nantong Reach of the Yangtze River. Nephthys sp., Grandidierella chaohuensis sp., Gammarus sp., Tubifex sp. and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the dominant taxa in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River. Cluster analysis based on species abundance yielded four groups among the 17 sites. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) suggested significant differences in macrobenthic community structure among the four groups (P < 0.05). The results indicated that factors including aquatic plants, water flow velocity, sediment types and channels can influence the distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River.     

基于行政层级构建“橄榄型”生态文明建设指标框架

当前生态文明指标体系研究和实践中,一方面生态文明指标体系和生态文明指数构建方法不尽相同,另一方面刻意追求统一的指标体系而忽视了不同行政层级间的差异性,对层级间指标衔接等问题缺乏考虑。依照生态文明内涵以及十八大尤其是十八届三中全会关于生态文明建设尤其是生态文明考核指标要求,提出各行政层级构建“橄榄型”生态文明建设指标框架体系。该指标体系强调国家的顶层宏观引导作用,并以市县级生态文明建设指标体系为基础,向上构建省级生态文明建设指标体系,向下构建乡镇级生态文明建设指标体系,体现“国家—省—市县—乡镇”之间的整体性、衔接性、协调性,真正反映生态文明建设是“自上而下引导力”和“自下而上推动力”的合力作用的结果,服务于我国生态文明建设的持续开展和长效管理。     

戊二醛对紫色非硫光合细菌脱氢酶活力的影响

探讨微生物细胞对戊二醛毒性的耐受能力及应用条件的适宜范围,可为废水处理中固定化细胞的应用提供实验基础和理论依据。以紫色非硫光合细菌（PSB）为例,直接用戊二醛作用于细胞,在不同pH值、温度、戊二醛浓度、反应时间等条件下研究戊二醛对PSB脱氢酶活力的影响。结果表明：戊二醛对PSB脱氢酶活力影响的主要限制因素为戊二醛浓度和反应时间。当戊二醛浓度为0.5～1.0％,反应时间为1～2h时,PSB脱氢酶活力回收可达83％以上;PSB细胞经戊二醛处理后,热稳定性增强,pH稳定性无明显变化;并比较出热带假丝酵母菌和PSB对戊二醛的毒性耐受能力大于大肠埃希氏杆菌和芽孢杆菌yol。     

快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定环境空气中的全氟化合物

不同研究报道的空气中离子型全氟化合物(PFCs)的分析方法各不相同,本文的目的在于对比和优化不同分析条件。通过对比不同流动相(甲醇和乙腈)、不同色谱柱(C8和C18)、不同梯度洗脱条件下目标化合物的分离效果,确定了以甲醇为流动相、C18色谱柱为分离柱和最佳梯度淋洗液分离的仪器分析条件。比较了甲醇和正已烷/丙酮混合溶剂萃取气相(PUF)和颗粒相(GFF)样品的效果,确定以甲醇为萃取溶剂。建立了空气中PFCs的LC-MS/MS优化分析方法,方法线性范围在0.1~50 ng·m L~(-1)之间,PUF与GFF样品方法检出限分别为0.02~0.35 pg·m~(-3)和0.02~0.26 pg·m~(-3)。同时将方法用于大气实际样品分析。     

清除废气中VOCs的流向变换催化燃烧技术进展

一、引　　言环境恶化严重地威胁人类的生存和社会的可持续发展 ,是当前全世界共同面临的一个重大问题。作为空气污染的主要来源之一 ,易挥发有机物 (ＶＯＣｓ)不仅是一次污染源而且还可能造成光化学烟雾等二次污染[1 ] 。因此 ,控制大气中挥发性有机物非常重要。美国 1 990年开始实施的清洁空气法修正案要求在其后的九年内使大气中有毒化学品的排放量减少 90 % ,其中 70 %为易挥发有机物 (ＶＯＣｓ) ,其他发达国家也都围绕改善生态环境和有效利用资源的战略性要求采取了相应的措施。尤其是投入了大量的人力、物力 ,致力于控制空气中挥发性…     

草场蝗虫的种群密度与受害程度及经济阈值的探讨

以野外实测为基础,应用统计学方法,探讨了天山北坡中段草场蝗虫虫口密度与草场产量的关系,并依此建立了半荒漠草场意大利蝗虫危害防治的经济阈值,即69头／m23令前意大利蝗虫。     

A-B工艺处理以高浓度有机废水为主的城市污水

A B工艺的进水主要以高浓度有机废水为主 ,溶解性的CODCr成分高且难以生物降解 ,高有机负荷和极端pH的冲击经常发生。根据进水水质的特点并结合A B工艺独特的优越性 ,合理地控制A段的运行参数 ,最大限度地挖掘A B工艺的潜力 ,保证A段的处理效果和出水的稳定性 ,为B段稳定运行创造好的条件。     

痕量壬基酚及相关化合物的样品预处理和测定

对近年来环境样品中痕量内分泌干扰物壬基酚及相关化合物的分离富集方法和测定技术的研究进展进行了综合评述。重点讨论了索氏提取、液液萃取、液膜分离、回流萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、超临界流体萃取、超声提取八种样品预处理方法和气相色谱质谱联用、高效液相色谱两种测定方法,而且针对以上方面提出了尚需进一步研究的问题。     

黄姜废水的铁炭微电解-混凝预处理研究

研究了高浓度黄姜废水的铁炭微电解-混凝工艺,结果表明,在进水pH 4.0、停留时间为40 min且有曝气条件下,COD去除率达到64.70%,色度去除率为72.22%,废水的BOD/COD值可由0.29提高到0.56,有利于废水的后续生化处理.     

MRIO model-based study on water nitrogen pollution transfer embodied in international trade

This study uses the global pollutant emission databases and global input–output model in 2015 to calculate the impact of international trade on global water nitrogen emission patterns, based on considering the total amount of pollutant transfer and pollutant emission intensity of trade flows The main conclusions are as follows: (1) There are always a large amount of water nitrogen emissions transferring from developed economies to developing economies embodied in their bilateral trade activities. Small amount of transfers are of some areas with similar endowments of agricultural resources or long distances. (2) In 2015, the net import of water nitrogen pollution embodied in China’s trade was 160,000 tons, accounting for 2.72% of the global water nitrogen imports. The sharp increases in cereal imports, together with high food storage as well as high pollution intensity embedded in trade are the main reason. It is recommended that through applying alleviations such as agricultural machinery assistance and technical training to accelerate the transfer and spread of agricultural technology in Africa, Asia, and other regions, thus helping increase agricultural production productivity in underdeveloped areas and reducing the pollution intensity embodied in trade flows from underdeveloped areas to developed areas.