Performance and microbial community composition were evaluated in a two-phase anaerobic and aerobic system treating sulfate-rich cellulosic ethanol wastewater (CEW). The system was operated at five different chemical oxygen demand (COD)/SO42− ratios (63.8, 26.3, 17.8, 13.7, and 10.7). Stable performance was obtained for total COD removal efficiency (94.5%), sulfate removal (89.3%), and methane production rate (11.5 L/day) at an organic loading rate of 32.4 kg COD/(m3·day). The acidogenic reactor made a positive contribution to net VFAs production (2318.1 mg/L) and sulfate removal (60.9%). Acidogenic bacteria (Megasphaera, Parabacteroides, unclassified Ruminococcaceae spp., and Prevotella) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (Butyrivibrio, Megasphaera) were rich in the acidogenic reactor. In the methanogenic reactor, high diversity of microorganisms corresponded with a COD removal contribution of 83.2%. Moreover, methanogens (Methanosaeta) were predominant, suggesting that these organisms played an important role in the acetotrophic methanogenesis pathway. The dominant aerobic bacteria (Truepera) appeared to have been responsible for the COD removal of the SBR. These results indicate that dividing the sulfate reduction process could effectively minimize sulfide toxicity, which is important for the successful operation of system treating sulfate-rich CEW.
针对栽桑养蚕过程中废弃桑枝的综合利用,以废弃桑枝和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为原料,经微波辐射加热制备高分子絮凝剂。通过单因素实验确定了制备絮凝剂的最佳工艺条件,并采用该絮凝剂处理造纸废水。结果表明,制备絮凝剂的最佳工艺条件为:NaOH溶液浓度为8%,碱化温度为室温,碱化时间为30 m in,Fe2+/H2O2的加入量为14 mmol/L,桑枝粉与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的质量比为1∶1,微波功率为500 W,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为60 m in。制备的絮凝剂对造纸废水具有高效絮凝性能,在造纸废水pH值为10,絮凝剂投加量为100 mg/L的条件下,COD和浊度去除率分别达48.2%和81.4%。该絮凝剂对造纸废水的絮凝效果明显优于氯化铝,与聚合氯化铝相当,但其用量明显低于氯化铝和聚合氯化铝。 相似文献
Historical profiles and sources of PAHs at two typical sediment cores (i.e., the shipping route site and the shoal site) were fully compared to probe the controlling factors, specifically the water currents, for the PAHs deposition processes in the Yangtze River Estuary. Compared with ocean water currents, river runoff affected by the water impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam greatly affected the PAHs levels and percent contribution of PAHs sources in the two cores. River runoff hindered the PAHs deposition in shoal site, while a contrary phenomenon was observed for the shipping route site. Though the PAHs in the estuary were mainly from river catchment, only low ring PAHs in the shipping route site were mainly from the upper reach of the river. Coarse sediments with higher organic carbon content also accounted for the higher deposition levels of PAHs in the shipping route site. 相似文献