Photolysis of Enrofloxacin in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight irradiation: Kinetics, mechanism and toxicity of photolysis products

Photolysis of Enro in water was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation using a Xenon lamp. The results showed that Enro photolysis followed apparent first-order kinetics. Increasing Enro concentration from 5.0 to 40.0 mg L⁻¹ led to the decrease of the photolysis rate constant from 1.6 × 10⁻² to 3.0 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. Compared with the acidic and basic conditions, the photolysis rate was faster at neutral condition. Both of nitrate and humic acid can markedly decrease the photolysis rate of Enro because they can competitively absorb photons with Enro. The electron spin resonance and reactive oxygen species scavenging experiments indicated that Enro underwent self-sensitized photooxidation via OH and ¹O₂. After irradiation for 90 min, only 13.1% reduction of TOC occurred in spite of fast photolysis of 58.9% of Enro, indicating that Enro was transformed into intermediates without complete mineralization. The photolysis of Enro involved three main pathways: decarboxylation, defluorination, and piperazinyl N⁴-dealkylation. The bioluminescence inhibition rate using Vibrio fischeri increased to 67.2% at 60 min and then decreased to 56.9% at 90 min, indicative of the generation of some more toxic intermediates than Enro and then the degradation of the intermediates. The results will help us understand fundamental mechanisms of Enro photolysis and provide insight into the potential fate and transformation of Enro in surface waters.     

Quantification of net carbon flux from plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation: a full carbon cycle analysis

Plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation (PGVC) has played a vital role in increasing incomes of farmers and expanded dramatically in last several decades. However, carbon budget after conversion from conventional vegetable cultivation (CVC) to PGVC has been poorly quantified. A full carbon cycle analysis was used to estimate the net carbon flux from PGVC systems based on the combination of data from both field observations and literatures. Carbon fixation was evaluated at two pre-selected locations in China. Results suggest that: (1) the carbon sink of PGVC is 1.21 and 1.23 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for temperate and subtropical area, respectively; (2) the conversion from CVC to PGVC could substantially enhance carbon sink potential by 8.6 times in the temperate area and by 1.3 times in the subtropical area; (3) the expansion of PGVC usage could enhance the potential carbon sink of arable land in China overall.     

低温对MBBR、SBR深度处理废水出水水质的影响

比较了低温和常温下移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)与 SBR 深度处理低浓度废水的出水水质,研究了低温对反应器出水 COD、运行温度、DO、出水 pH、出水蛋白质质量浓度的影响.实验结果表明:相同曝气和环境温度条件下,MBBR 比 SBR 的运行温度高 0.5-1.5 ℃,受环境温度影响更小;与常温相比,低温反应器内 D...     

Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Policies and measures to control pandemics are often failing. While biological factors controlling transmission are usually well explored, little is known about...     

基于星空地协同技术的长江扬州段沿岸生态空间状况调查与评价

长江扬州段是南水北调东线的源头水域,也是江淮生态大走廊的核心区,生态区域敏感性和重要性尤为突出。通过高分辨率卫星遥感筛查-无人机遥感详查-地面人工核查的星空地协同技术对长江扬州段沿岸自然岸线保有率、土地利用状况以及周边环境风险源进行全面调查。结果表明:(1)长江扬州段自然岸线保有率为46.20%,岸线范围内建设用地占比达33.35%,开发强度较高;(2)沿岸有码头114座,入江排口104个,部分排口存在水色异常等环境问题;(3)沿江生态保护红线区域内存在加油船溢油现象和驳船违规堆放固体废弃物等环境安全隐患。     

铁屑法处理活性艳红废水动力学模型

研究了铁屑法处理性艳红染料（Ｋ－２ＢＰ）废水的脱色过程和铁屑溶解过程动力学模型。脱色反应为一级反应，铁屑溶解符合零级反应。了固－液比，温度、ＰＨ、铁屑粒径、活化时间等诸因素对反庆速度常数的影响。     

林业资源开发与利用的现状与对策分析

在生态系统中,森林是重要的组成成分之一,在社会、经济以及人类不断发展的时代背景下,林业资源因过度的开发而受到了破坏。从现下的实际情况看来,这种现象对人们的生活并没有带来太大的影响,但是,对子孙后代却造成了无法挽回的损失,因此,需要林业部门加大对林业资源的保护以及开发利用力度,以此来确保林业资源的最大化使用,严禁出现过度开采以及浪费资源的现象。鉴于此,本文就林业资源开发与利用的现状与对策展开探讨,以期为相关工作起到参考作用。     

雾霾天气背景下大气环境监测质量的提升路径研究

本文主要针对雾霾天气背景下大气环境监测质量的提升路径展开深入研究,先阐述了大气环境监测质量的提升重要性,比如有利于提高环境污染的防治水平、有利于不断提高城市环境规划水平等,然后重点提出了几点可行的提升路径,主要包括制定大气环境监测质量保障体系、加强环境质量监测网络建设、加强大气环境监测采样管理、加强3S技术的应用、加强监测监察联动协调机制、扩大大气环境质量评价范围等,确保监测数据与完整性和准确性相符,确保大气环境监测质量的稳步提升,以创建节能减排、生态环保的节约型社会。     

4种蔬菜对土壤Mn转运累积特征及食用安全性研究

为探究土壤中锰(Mn)污染对蔬菜食用安全性的影响,以上海市常见的4种蔬菜(青椒,CA;黄瓜,CS;豇豆,VU;菠菜,SO)为试验材料,采用温室盆栽土培试验方法研究了不同土壤Mn含量梯度下的蔬菜生物量变化以及各部位Mn转运累积特征,并基于各蔬菜食用安全分析了土壤中Mn的安全阈值。研究结果表明,Mn对4种蔬菜的生长均表现出低含量促进、高含量抑制现象,SO和VU对Mn的耐受度强于CA和CS。Mn主要富集在SO的茎叶,以及CA、CS和VU的茎叶和根部,可食部分中Mn含量大小排序为SO>VU>CS>CA。SO可食部分Mn含量与土壤Mn含量呈显著对数相关(P<0.01),其他3种蔬菜的可食部分Mn含量与土壤Mn含量均呈显著指数相关(P<0.01)。依据新鲜蔬菜中Mn食用安全限量值,推导出各蔬菜对应的土壤Mn安全阈值预测区间为:SO 992.5～1 097.3 mg·kg~(-1),VU 2 607.5～2 910.0 mg·kg~(-1),CS 3 147.5～3 494.6 mg·kg~(-1),CA3 618.0～3 921.5 mg·kg~(-1)。Mn污染土壤的安全利用应优先选择种植CA、CS和VU等低累积品种。     

Assessing the phytotoxicity of different particle-size aged refuse using Zea mays L. bioassay

With increasing attention paid to the recycling use of aged refuse as vegetated soil, it is important to check its possible polluting risk and probe the tolerance of plant system to its stress. For this reason, several physiological responses in Zea mays L. (maize) to the leaching samples of aged refuse in different particle-size (900-300, 300-150, 150-105, 105-90, and 90-0 microm) were investigated in the present study, including growth, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The results indicate that the aged refuse affected the growth of maize seedlings, and elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in leaf tissues in a time-dependent manner, accompanying by the changes of antioxidant status. Also, above physiological responses varied as a function of particle-size distribution of the aged refuse, and statistical growth inhibition and oxidative stress occurred after the exposure of smaller particle-size samples, which contained higher level trace metals, the characteristic pollutants in the aged refuse. The results implicate that aged refuse might cause environmental stress on plant system, but the polluting risk mainly resulted from smaller particle-size samples. Therefore, the critical point of utilizing aged refuse as vegetated soil focused on analyzing its particle-size distribution, and screening out appropriate particle-size samples.