利用生物工程治理印染废水及回用中试研究

利用新研制的固定化微生物技术,将筛选的高效优势脱色菌种固定在活性污泥上,投加于＂厌氧－好氧－生物滤池＂工艺流程中,处理印染废水。试验结果表明：固定化脱色菌－活性污泥显示了极大的优越性,出水COD_Cr<50mg/L_,出水色度0.005～0.05（在波长530nm下的光密度）。处理后的水可回收利用。     

Size and elemental composition of dry-deposited particles during a severe dust storm at a coastal site of Eastern China

Dry-deposited particles were collected during the passage of an extremely strong dust storm in March, 2010 at a coastal site in Qingdao(36.15°N, 120.49°E), a city located in Eastern China. The size, morphology, and elemental composition of the particles were quantified with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray instrument(SEM–EDX). The particles appeared in various shapes, and their size mainly varied from 0.4to 10 μm, with the mean diameters of 0.5, 1.5, and 1.0 μm before, during, and after the dust storm, respectively. The critical size of the mineral particles settling on the surface in the current case was about 0.3–0.4 μm before the dust storm and about 0.5–0.7 μm during the dust storm. Particles that appeared in high concentration but were smaller than the critical size deposited onto the surface at a small number flux. The elements Al, Si and Mg were frequently detected in all samples, indicating the dominance of mineral particles. The frequency of Al in particles collected before the dust storm was significantly lower than for those collected during and after the dust storm. The frequencies of Cl and Fe did not show obvious changes, while those of S, K and Ca decreased after the dust arrival. These results indicate that the dust particles deposited onto the surface were less influenced by anthropogenic pollutants in terms of particle number.     

生态文明治理能力建设路径分析

"十八届三中全会"提出了推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,生态文明治理能力是国家治理能力的重要组成部分。提高生态文明治理能力,是生态文明建设亟需解决的关键问题和重要突破口。本文围绕生态文明治理的理论基础和内涵,在梳理生态文明治理存在的问题基础上,从体制机制创新出发,提出生态文明治理能力建设的思路和框架,并从培育多元主体、转变政府职能、建设生态文明制度体系和创新生态文明治理机制四个方面提出对策和建议,以供相关政策的制定和相关部门及地方深化改革参考。     

四川省石棉县安顺场飞水岩沟泥石流综合评判及风险性分析

飞水岩泥石流位于四川省石棉县安顺场乡,是一条中频中等规模的泥石流沟。该泥石流沟严重威胁着沟口附近的医院、办公楼和民居等安全。在对该沟进行详细调查和研究的基础上,采用数量化综合评判法和模糊数学综合评判法对其严重性进行了分析。综合评判结果显示飞水岩沟属中等严重的泥石流沟。运用泥石流风险评价理论,结合泥石流的危险度评价和易损度评价,综合飞水岩沟泥石流危险度评价(H单=0.52)和灾害的易损度评价(V单=0.59),运用自然灾害风险度模型,得出了飞水岩沟泥石流的风险度为0.31,为中度风险泥石流沟。针对飞水岩沟的特点提出了相应的防治建议。     

气候变化和人类活动对天津海岸带影响综述

21世纪全球海平面上升和区域地面沉降叠加所致的相对海平面上升速率存在加快趋势,将加剧天津沿海地区风暴潮、洪涝灾害和土地淹没的危害,影响沿海地区的城市抗灾功能、建筑物安全及生态资源。为此,本文综合讨论了气候变化导致的海平面上升和地面沉降对天津沿海风暴潮、海岸侵蚀以及港口码头的影响。建议滨海新区建设要高度重视海洋灾害的监测预警,提高沿海地区防潮和防汛工程的设计标准和城市抗灾能力,以有效实现滨海新区经济和社会可持续发展。     

刚性桩复合地基地震响应的拟静力简化计算方法

刚性桩复合地基在建筑结构中已得到广泛应用,但对其地震作用下的动力响应研究还不够充分。采用上海市《建筑抗震设计规程》8度罕遇地震的规范标准反应谱拟合生成人工地震波,以软土场地中的某10层钢筋混凝土框架结构为对象,将土体自由场变形和上部结构惯性力对桩身内力的影响分开考虑,提出一种拟静力简化计算方法,分析刚性桩复合地基的地震响应。并建立刚性桩复合地基-筏板-上部结构体系整体有限元模型,利用数值方法进行动力时程分析,验证了拟静力方法的合理性。进一步分别计算了自由场位移对桩基的作用、刚性桩复合地基-筏板-上部结构体系整体地震响应以及桩筏基础地震响应。结果表明:拟静力方法与数值方法较为吻合,复合地基的桩身内力和筏板底加速度峰值均小于桩筏基础,褥垫层对地震波具有滤过作用,显著减轻了地震的作用效应。     

The capability of estuarine sediments to remove nitrogen: implications for drinking water resource in Yangtze Estuary

Water in the Yangtze Estuary is fresh most of the year because of the large discharge of Yangtze River. The Qingcaosha Reservoir built on the Changxing Island in the Yangtze Estuary is an estuarine reservoir for drinking water. Denitrification rate in the top 10 cm sediment of the intertidal marshes and bare mudflat of Yangtze Estuarine islands was measured by the acetylene inhibition method. Annual denitrification rate in the top 10 cm of sediment was 23.1 μmol m^?2 h^?1 in marshes (ranged from 7.5 to 42.1 μmol m^?2 h^?1) and 15.1 μmol m^?2 h^?1 at the mudflat (ranged from 6.6 to 26.5 μmol m^?2 h^?1). Annual average denitrification rate is higher at mashes than at mudflat, but without a significant difference (p?=?0.084, paired t test.). Taking into account the vegetation and water area of the reservoir, a total 1.42?×?10⁸ g N could be converted into nitrogen gas (N₂) annually by the sediment, which is 97.7 % of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen input through precipitation. Denitrification in reservoir sediment can control the bioavailable nitrogen level of the water body. At the Yangtze estuary, denitrification primarily took place in the top 4 cm of sediment, and there was no significant spatial or temporal variation of denitrification during the year at the marshes and mudflat, which led to no single factor determining the denitrification process but the combined effects of the environmental factors, hydrologic condition, and wetland vegetation.     

土壤有机质测定方法的进展

对土壤有机质测定的3种主要方法及特点和应用范围进行了论述和评价。认为上壤有机质测定方法改进的目标不仅仅是简便、快速、廉价,还应包括无污染。     

Preparation of metal-doped Cu–Mn/HTS-1 catalysts and their mechanisms in efficient degradation of toluene

In order to study their synergistic catalytic effects in toluene degradation, CuMn_2O_4/HTS-1(HTS-1 was a titanium silicon molecular sieve), Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Y_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 and Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.The textural properties, redox properties and acidity of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), H_2 temperature-programmed reduction(H_2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),frustrated total internal reflection(FT-IR), ammonium temperature-programmed desorption(NH_3-TPD) and pyridine adsorption internal reflection(Py-IR) measurements.The potential roles of Lewis acid sites(activating dioxygen) were discussed, and the experimental results indicated that the most efficient route for toluene degradation over Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1(toluene conversion rate of 90%(T99) = 295℃) was ascribed to regulation of the synergistic effects of redox properties(activating molecular toluene) and Lewis acid sites(activating dioxygen).The Mars–Van–Krevelen(MVK) model was adopted to describe the reaction process of toluene oxidation, which gave an in-depth view into the toluene degradation over CuMn_2O_4/HTS-1, Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Y_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 and Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1.In addition, the synergistic effects between redox properties and Lewis acid sites were studied in detail.     

火电厂节水技术研究进展

从拓展常规水源之外的水源和减少耗水量两方面总结了目前国内火电厂主要采用的节水技术,重点指出了每种技术的优缺点。认为火电厂应该根据自身实际,从经济效益和节水效果两方面出发,选择适合的节水技术。为火电厂节水工作提供了借鉴。