Isolation and characterization of cyromazine degrading Acinetobacter sp. ZX01 from a Chinese ginger cultivated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyromazine, a symmetrical triazine insecticide, is used to control dipteran larvae in chicken manure by feeding to the poultry, flies on animals, and...     

危险化学品公路运输安全管理探讨

通过调查研究认为,可以从人-机-环境系统对安全运输进行分析,并结合大庆钻探工程公司运输一公司的危险化学品运输实际情况,探讨了危险化学品运输事故的原因,并提出了相应的事故预防措施。     

BiVO4催化剂的离子液体辅助水热合成及其可见光催化活性

采用溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Br)离子液体辅助水热合成法制备了光催化剂BiVO4。以高压氙灯作为可见光源,亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,考察反应温度、pH、反应时间和离子用量等制备条件对BiVO4的可见光催化活性的影响,确定了最佳制备条件。并采用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis漫反射等分析手段对催化剂的晶相、形貌和光学特性进行了表征。结果表明,在离子液体加入量为2 mL、pH=4、反应温度为180℃、反应时间为4 h 的条件下,制得的BiVO4催化剂的可见光光催化活性最高。制得的BiVO4为单斜相,呈分散的、大小均匀的片状,在200~500 nm范围有一个较宽的强吸收平台,具有良好的可见光催化活性,在可见光照射下对浓度为5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝的光催化脱色率达97%以上。     

分光光度法测定测田废水中的COD_(Cr)

为了快速监测油田废水中的化学需氧量ＣＯＤＣｒ,因此采用ＴＬ－１（Ａ）型污水ＣＯＤＣｒ速测仪进行加热催化消解,然后再用分光光度比色法测定ＣＯＤＣｒ,实验中进行了方法的准确度、精确度及Ｃｌ－影响实验,并与标准的重铬酸钾法进行了对比实验,结果说明分光光度法简单快速、重现性较好、准确度较高,对同一产品的测定结果与重铬酸钾法非常一致。因此,本方法可用于油田废水中的ＣＯＤＣｒ监测。     

清洁发展机制项目基准线方案选择及比较

以北京某燃气蒸汽联合循环热电冷联产项目为案例,着重论述了清洁发展机制(CDM)项目基准线的设置原则和方法,并据此为本项目设置了不同的基准线．在此基础上计算了各基准线对应的项目温室气体减排量。比较不同的基准线对温室气体减排量的影响,分析产生这些差异的原因．为本项目选择最合理的基准线和类似项目选择合理的基准线提供建议。     

利用硫酸渣生产铁精粉的新工艺研究

实验了一种新的工艺来处理硫酸渣,该方法能很好地脱除烧渣中的硫并富集其中的铁,解决了硫酸渣脱硫难的问题。经过处理后可以将其开发为有用的铁精粉作为炼铁原料或者是生产其他铁系产品,实现了废物的资源综合利用。     

峨眉山环境现状研究

峨眉山是世界名山，其主要风景林－－冷杉出现大面积衰败和死亡。本文概述了峨眉山的地理和气候特点，研究了土壤、植被、大气环境及旅游现状；为深入研究峨眉山冷杉衰亡的原因提供基础资料，为恢复和建设峨眉山的生态环境提供思路和参考。     

不同环境条件下三丁基氧化锡对火腿许水蚤（Schmakeria poplesia）的毒性效应

为探讨不同环境条件下三丁基氧化锡(TBTO)对桡足类的毒性效应,本文通过世代培养30日龄火腿许水蚤(Schmakeria poplesia)的多因素协同作用急性毒性实验,测定了温度、盐度、单胞藻浓度和桡足类密度等环境因素对TBTO毒性效应的影响。结果显示：TBTO对火腿许水蚤雌、雄个体的毒性效应无显著差异,96 h-LC50值分别为 0.41 µgTBTO l-1和0.42 µgTBTO l-1;随着温度的升高,TBTO毒性效应增强;与盐度25条件相比,盐度15和35条件下火腿许水蚤对TBTO的敏感性相对较高;单胞藻浓度升高导致TBTO对桡足类毒性效应降低;另外,桡足类暴露敏感性还受到其密度的影响。以上结果表明,环境因素对污染物的生物毒性效应产生较大影响,在毒理学研究中应根据实际环境情况设定合理的环境条件,以保证最终生态风险评价结果的科学性。     

Identification of sources,characteristics and photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter with EEM-PARAFAC in the Wei River of China

• The source of DOM in surface water and sediment is inconsistent. • The DOC content changes differently in surface water and sediment. • The content of DOC in the surface water is lower than that in the sediment. • The DOM in the surface water had higher photodegradation potentials than sediment. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in rivers is a critical regulator of the cycling and toxicity of pollutants and the behavior of DOM is a key indicator for the health of the environment. We investigated the sources and characteristics of DOM in surface water and sediment samples of the Wei River, China. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄) increased in the surface water and were decreased in the sediment downstream, indicating that the source of DOM in the water differed from the sediment. Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis of the excitation-emission matrices (EEM) revealed the presence of terrestrial humus-like, microbial humus-like and tryptophan-like proteins in the surface water, whereas the sediment contained UVA humic-like, UVC humic-like and fulvic-like in the sediment. The DOM in the surface water and sediment were mainly derived from microbial metabolic activity and the surrounding soil. Surface water DOM displayed greater photodegradation potential than sediment DOM. PARAFAC analysis indicated that the terrestrial humic-like substance in the water and the fulvic-like component in the sediment decomposed more rapidly. These data describe the characteristics of DOM in the Wei River and are crucial to understanding the fluctuations in environmental patterns.     

A 100-year sedimentary record of natural and anthropogenic impacts on a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Chaohu, China

In this study, the sediment profiles of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratios, total phosphorus, N/P ratios, C/P ratios, particle sizes, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) were used to investigate natural and anthropogenic impacts on Lake Chaohu over the past 100 years. Before 1960, Lake Chaohu experienced low productivity and a relatively steady and low nutrient input. The increasing concentration and fluxes of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, together with changes in the δ(13)C and δ(15)N of organic material in the sediment cores, suggested that the anthropogenic effects on trophic status first started because of an increase in nutrient input caused by a population increase in the drainage area. With the construction of the Chaohu Dam, an increase in the utilization of fertilizer and the population growth which occurred since 1960, stable depositional conditions and increasing nutrient input resulted in a dominantly algae-derived organic matter source and high productivity. Nutrient input increased most significantly around 1980 following the rapidly growing population, with concomitant urbanization, industrial and agricultural development. This study also revealed that the concentration and distribution of nutrients varied between different areas of sediment within Lake Chaohu because of the influence of different drainage basins and pollution sources.