用Ti/SnO2-RuO2电极处理黑索金废水

利用刷涂法制备了Ti/SnO2-RuO2电极,并通过SEM、XRD等测试手段对其进行形貌及结构表征。利用该电极为阳极处理黑索金(RDX)废水,考察了电解质种类、电解质质量浓度、废水pH、电流密度以及电解时间等对RDX电催化氧化效果的影响。实验结果表明,当处理100 mL质量浓度为50 mg/L的RDX废水时,以Na2SO4为电解质、Na2SO4质量浓度为5.0 g/L、废水pH为7、电流密度为15 mA/cm2、电解时间为300 min的条件下,RDX去除率达到82.55%,COD去除率达到55.41%。     

企业节能量计算方法浅析

阐述了企业在实施节能降耗过程中普遍采用的节能量计算方法,对产品单耗节能量和技术措施节能量进行了分析,并对比了采用单耗法和技术措施法计算节能量的适用范围和局限性,指出两种方法对企业的意义,提出了在节能量计算过程中的注意事项和几点认识。     

土壤重金属污染及其修复技术研究

土壤重金属污染物有汞、镉、铅、锌等,主要来源于交通运输、工业污染和农业污染。土壤重金属污染会导致农作物减产甚至死亡,对人体健康也会产生极大危害。目前土壤重金属污染修复的技术主要包括工程修复法、物理化学修复法、化学修复法和生物修复法。植物修复技术作为一种新兴的绿色、生态、高效的修复技术具有良好的发展前景。     

硅藻土/活性炭对石油降解菌群的固定化研究

研究了一种石油降解菌群的固定化方法,其中菌群包括假单胞菌、芽孢杆菌和微球菌。以硅藻土/活性炭作为降解菌群的固定化载体,对最佳固定化条件进行研究,结果表明:降解菌群的最佳固定化时间16h,温度37℃,硅藻土/活性炭加入量0.1g/mL,pH值7.5,120r/min振荡16h,降解菌群固定化率达97.1%。固定化菌群用于油基钻屑中油降解,降解14d,可使钻屑中TPH含量由30 000mg/kg降至10 450mg/kg,平均油去除率达65%。     

Sulfur-containing amino acid methionine as the precursor of volatile organic sulfur compounds in algea-induced black bloom

After the application of methionine, a progressive and significant increase occurred in five volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs): methanethiol (MeSH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) and dimethyl tetrasulfide (DMTeS). Even in the untreated control without a methionine addition, methionine and its catabolites (VOSCs, mainly DMDS) were found in considerable amounts that were high enough to account for the water’s offensive odor. However, blackening only occurred in two methionine-amended treatments. The VOSCs production was observed to precede black color development, and the reaching of a peak value for total VOSCs was often followed by water blackening. The presence of glucose stimulated the degradation of methionine while postponing the occurrence of the black color and inhibiting the production of VOSCs. In addition, DMDS was found to be the most abundant species produced after the addition of methionine alone, and DMTeS appeared to be the most important compound produced after the addition of methionine+glucose. These results suggest that methionine acted as an important precursor of the VOSCs in lakes suffering from algea-induced black bloom. The existence of glucose may change the transformation pathway of methionine into VOSCs to form larger molecular weight compounds, such as DMTS and DMTeS.     

陶瓷碎片基质人工湿地处理污染河水的应用

选取陶瓷碎片废弃物作为基质,芦苇和菖蒲作为湿地植物,构建潜流人工湿地系统,对城市纳污河道内的污染河水进行处理。水力负荷为15cm/d,考察了在较高浓度进水(CODCr和氨氮浓度分别为40~70mg/L和10~35mg/L)和较低浓度进水(CODCr和氨氮浓度分别为15~30mg/L和0.3~3mg/L)2种工况下系统的运行效果。结果表明,在较高浓度进水情况下,系统对CODCr、氨氮的平均去除率分别为10.0%和42.4%;在较低浓度进水情况下,系统对CODCr、氨氮的平均去除率分别为38.5%和63.0%。陶瓷碎片是一种经济有效的湿地基质。     

牛仔布印染污泥组成特征及资源化途径分析

采用浸出-焙烧-化学分析和显微镜观察等手段查明了牛仔布印染污泥主要由纤维碎和浮石矿物组成。分析了牛仔布印染污泥的浸出物特性及模拟渗滤液的组成。渗滤液含Zn、Pb、Cr等重金属,AS、P和NH3-N超过地表水环境质量Ⅳ类水标准,简易填埋会对环境造成二次污染。分析提出了该类污泥的资源化途径,可用作吸附剂、水泥、轻质陶粒和岩棉的原料。     

Comparison of quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite for adsorptive removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution

The choice of substrates with high phosphorus adsorption capacity is vital for sustainable phosphorus removal from waste water in constructed wetlands. In this study, four substrates were used： quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite. These substrate samples were characterized by X- ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy studies for their mineral components （chemical components） and surface characteristics. The dynamic experimental results revealed the following ranking order for total phosphorus （TP） removal efficiency： anthracite 〉 biological ceramsite 〉 shale 〉 quartz sand. The adsorptive removal capacities for TP using anthracite, biological ceramsite, shale and quartz sand were 85.87, 81.44, 59.65, and 55.98 mg/kg, respectively. Phosphorus desorption was also studied to analyze the substrates＇ adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment as well as the substrates＇ ability to be reused for treatment. It was noted that the removal performance for the different forms of phosphorus was dependent on the nature of the substrate and the adsorption mechanism. A comparative analysis showed that the removal of particulate phosphorus was much easier using shale. Whereas anthracite had the highest soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） adsorptive capacity, biological ceramsite had the highest dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP） removal capacity. Phosphorus removal by shale and biological ceramsite was mainly through chemical adsorption, precipitation or biological adsorption. On the other hand, phosphorus removal through physical adsorption （electrostatic attraction or ion exchange） was dominant in anthracite and quartz sand.     

UV/H2O2光催化氧化法处理表面活性剂废水

采用UV/H2O2光催化氧化法处理含表面活性剂废水,考察了反应时间、体系pH值、表面活性剂初始浓度、H2O2投加量、表面活性剂的种类等因素对处理效果的影响,并初步探讨了表面活性剂降解的反应动力学.结果表明,当初始pH值为4、H2O2投加量为1mL/L,反应时间为20min时,表面活性剂DBS的去除率为96%,AOS的去除率为93%,且UV/H2O2体系中,表面活性剂DBS和AOS的降解反应均符合表观拟一级反应动力学特征.     

Fractionation of heavy metals in shallow marine sediments from Jinzhou Bay, China

This work investigated the distribution and speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in the shallow sediments of Jinzhou Bay, Northeast China, which has been heavily contaminated by nonferrous smelting activities. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in sediments were found to be 100, 13 and 7 times, respectively, being higher than the national guideline (GB 18668-2002). Sequential extraction test showed that 39%-61% of Cd were exchangeable fractions, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local...