泥炭作为吸油材料的试验

为了研制一种理想的吸油剂,对泥炭、秸秆、锯末和改性泥炭用作吸油材料进行了对比试验.结果表明,未改性的风干泥炭吸油效果好于秸秆和锯末,而且是藓类泥炭吸油效果好于草本泥炭;对于同一类型的泥炭,中细纤维结构的吸油量高于中粗纤维结构的;与未改性的风干泥炭相比,不论采用物理方法还是物理化学方法进行改性,改性后泥炭的吸油效果均好于改性前的.试验证明了泥炭可以作为一种吸油材料,尤其是改性后的泥炭更是一种效率高、成本低、环保型的吸油材料.     

支持向量机在城市震后火灾损失预测中的应用

针对地震火灾的复杂性和多变性的特点,在综合分析了各种震后火灾损失预测方法的基础上,提出了基于支持向量机的城市震后火灾损失预测模型。以地震火灾的历史资料为依据,建立学习样本和测试样本,并与BP神经网络预测方法相比较,验证了其可行性,也为其它自然灾害的损失预测提供了简单、有效的方法。     

城镇圩区排涝模数计算方法及其与河道调蓄库容关系研究

农业圩区原有的排涝模数计算方法已不适用于城镇圩区.针对城镇圩区的排涝特殊性,通过分析排涝计算的原理,充分考虑圩区内河道的调蓄能力,得到适应城镇圩区排涝计算的方法.以南京市江宁区为例,对城镇圩区的排涝模数进行计算,得到排涝模数与调蓄库容之间的定量关系.     

量子点对秀丽隐杆线虫的毒性效应及其调控机制的研究进展

量子点(quantum dots,QD)作为一种纳米微晶体,由于其出色的光学特性,已经被广泛应用于电子、生物医学成像、生物传感器和药物递送中,因而量子点的生物安全性也变得至关重要.秀丽隐杆线虫作为一种简单的生物模型,生物学基础完善、生命周期短、繁殖量大、生活特征易获得,不仅可以提供全动物水平的生理相关数据,还允许在单细...     

典型环境污染物对肠道菌群的影响及机制研究进展

随着环境污染日益严重,国内外有关环境污染物导致健康风险的毒性机制研究已引起广泛关注.然而,环境污染物对机体肠道菌群结构、功能的改变及其对毒性效应的调控作用研究尚处起步阶段.本综述在归纳近年来国内外人体及模式生物的肠道菌群研究进展的基础上,重点阐述了以重金属污染物、微纳米颗粒污染物、持久性有机污染物以及抗生素为代表的典型...     

韩仓河流域水生态韧性修复适宜性评价

文章从城市生态系统的核心水生态系统出发,提出一种水生态韧性修复适宜性评价方法,用以指导城市规划及修复城市生态系统健康.以济南市韩仓河流域为例,使用生态因子组合法构建评价方法框架,并以层次分析法和ArcGIS技术分别进行权重分析和因子叠加.韩仓河流域的水生态韧性修复适宜度评价结果分为非常适宜、较适宜、适宜、较不适宜和不适...     

Assessing the inhalation cancer risk of particulate matter bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the elderly in a retirement community of a mega city in North China

Assessment of the health risks resulting from exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is limited by the lack of environmental exposure data among different subpopulations. To assess the exposure cancer risk of particulate carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution for the elderly, this study conducted a personal exposure measurement campaign for particulate PAHs in a community of Tianjin, a city in northern China. Personal exposure samples were collected from the elderly in non-heating (August–September, 2009) and heating periods (November–December, 2009), and 12 PAHs individuals were analyzed for risk estimation. Questionnaire and time-activity log were also recorded for each person. The probabilistic risk assessment model was integrated with Toxic Equivalent Factors (TEFs). Considering that the estimation of the applied dose for a given air pollutant is dependent on the inhalation rate, the inhalation rate from both EPA exposure factor book was applied to calculate the carcinogenic risk in this study. Monte Carlo simulation was used as a probabilistic risk assessment model, and risk simulation results indicated that the inhalation-ILCR values for both male and female subjects followed a lognormal distribution with a mean of 4.81?×?10^?6 and 4.57?×?10^?6, respectively. Furthermore, the 95 % probability lung cancer risks were greater than the USEPA acceptable level of 10^?6 for both men and women through the inhalation route, revealing that exposure to PAHs posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk for the elderly in this study. As a result, some measures should be taken to reduce PAHs pollution and the exposure level to decrease the cancer risk for the general population, especially for the elderly.     

试论黄淮海地区的自然资源及国家级作物商品基地的建设

根据中国主要农业区——黄淮海地区的自然和社会经济条件,分析了该区小麦、玉米、大豆、棉花等在气候-土壤生态适应性的基础上,采用逐级生产力估算方法,计算出四大作物的商品量,论证了该地区建设为全国性四大作物商品基地的可能性。