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501.
为了揭示海陆衔接区环境中抗生素与抗性细菌分布特征及其内在相关性,以莱州湾及其主要入海河流为研究区域,利用HPLC-MS/MS分析样品中15种磺胺类抗生素(SAs)和6种喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)的浓度,并通过改良的Method 1604(US EPA)评估海水与沉积物中2种典型水传病原微生物大肠杆菌(E.coli)与金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的抗生素抗性水平,进而探讨该区域水体中抗性菌株的分布特点以及微生物抗性率与相应抗生素浓度的相关性。结果显示,莱州湾水体与沉积物中普遍存在磺胺与喹诺酮类抗生素残留及抗性污染问题。两大类抗生素在水体中平均残留浓度分别为3.89 ng·L~(-1)(SAs)和234.68ng·L~(-1)(QNs),在沉积物中分别为0.91 ng·g~(-1)(SAs)和49.37 ng·g~(-1)(QNs),且分布特征基本呈现自河流向海洋逐渐递减的趋势,说明河流输入是莱州湾抗生素污染的主要来源。在水体中,具有磺胺类抗性的E.coli和S.aureus平均检出量分别达到2 018和4 683 CFU·L~(-1),抗性率范围分别在0%~37.3%和10.6%~45.8%之间;而2种喹诺酮类抗性病原微生物的平均检出量则相对较低,分别为1 315 CFU·L~(-1)(E.coli)和1 461 CFU·L~(-1)(S.aureus),抗性率分别为0%~50.0%和0%~20.8%;此外,相比于E.coli,S.aureus为沉积物中的主要抗性病原微生物,磺胺与喹诺酮类抗性S.aureus检出率均高于80%,平均检出量分别为24CFU·g~(-1)和18 CFU·g~(-1)。相关性分析表明,莱州湾近岸海域水体中磺胺类抗生素浓度与磺胺类抗性微生物总量之间具有良好的线性关系,然而其与微生物抗性率之间并未表现出相似的规律,说明近岸海洋环境中抗生素的残留量不是影响抗性菌株丰度的唯一因素。 相似文献
502.
503.
Soares Beatriz Caliman Abilio Thais Eduarda José Julia Cristina Labuto Geórgia Carrilho Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8822-8834
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biosorption is a viable and environmentally friendly process to remove pollutants and species of commercial interest. Biological materials are... 相似文献
504.
Mengqing Ge Tao Lin Kemei Zhou Hong Chen Hang Xu Hui Tao Wei Chen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):93
505.
Bi Shao-Shuai Talukder Milton Sun Xue-Tong Lv Mei-Wei Ge Jing Zhang Cong Li Jin-Long 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(9):22550-22559
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) is a food contaminant that poses serious threats to animal health, including birds. It is also an air pollutant with well-known... 相似文献
506.
Bo Shi Weigang Wang Cici Fan Yuchan Zhang Zheng Sun Yanli Zeng Maofa Ge 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(6):25-33
The reaction of Cl atoms with two C5 aldehydes (3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal) were investigated by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrum (PTR-MS) using smog chamber at 298 ± 1 K and 760 Torr. A relative rate method was used to determine the rate constants of the title reactions with m-xylene and trans-2-butene as reference compounds: (3.04 ± 0.18) × 10−10 and (2.07 ± 0.14) × 10−10 cm3/(molecule⋅sec) for 3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal, respectively. Additionally, the gas-phase products were also identified by PTR-MS, and the possible reaction mechanisms were proposed basing on the identified products. The detected gas-phase products are similar for two C5 aldehydes reactions, mainly including small molecules of aldehydes, ketones and chlorinated aldehyde compounds. The atmospheric lifetimes (τ) calculated for 3-methyl-2-butenal (τ = 7.0 hr, marine boundary layer (MBL)) and 3-methylbutanal (τ = 10.3 hr, MBL) according to the obtained rate constants. The results indicate that Cl atoms at MBL are competitive with OH radicals for the degradation contribution of C5 aldehyde compounds. 相似文献
507.
As a representative species of intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs), long-chain alkanes are considered to be important precursors of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. This work reviews the previous studies on long-chain alkanes in the atmosphere: (1) the detection methods and filed observations of long-chain alkanes in both gas and particle phases are summarized briefly; (2) the laboratory studies of long chain alkanes are reviewed, the kinetic data, reaction mechanism, SOA yields, and physicochemical properties of SOA are included in detail; (3) the research progress related to model simulations of long-chain alkanes are also discussed. In addition, based on available research results, several perspective contents are proposed that can be used as a guideline for future research plans. 相似文献
508.
通过原位实验,对浅埋深黏土包气带中氮的迁移转化开展研究.结果表明,实测地下水埋深介于145.9~173.6cm,地下水毛细上升高度计算值可达297.0cm,土壤含水率除表层外介于0.30~0.45cm3/cm3;NH4+-N和NO3--N在地面以下155cm含量最高为1.43,23.00mg/kg,超出背景值1.13,21.05mg/kg;包气带含水率近饱和条件下,粘土对氮污染物迁移阻滞作用减弱,NH4+-N和NO3--N在1d内自地表迁移至155cm.浅埋深地下水减弱了黏土对氮污染物运移的阻滞作用.浅埋深地下水减弱了黏土对氮污染物运移的阻滞作用. 相似文献
509.
Fangjie Li Shengrui Tong Chenhui Ji Xinran Zhang Deng Lin Wenqian Zhang Weiran Li Lili Wang Maofa Ge Lixin Xia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):85-97
The field observation of 54 non-methane hydrocarbon compounds (NMHCs) was conducted from September 1 to October 20 in 2020 during autumn in Haidian District, Beijing. The mean concentration of total NMHCs was 29.81 ± 11.39 ppbv during this period, and alkanes were the major components. There were typical festival effects of NMHCs with lower concentration during the National Day. Alkenes and aromatics were the dominant groups in ozone formation potential (OFP) and OH radical loss rate (LOH). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) running results revealed that vehicular exhaust became the biggest source in urban areas, followed by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) usage, solvent usage, and fuel evaporation. The box model coupled with master chemical mechanism (MCM) was applied to study the impacts of different NMHCs sources on ozone (O3) formation in an O3 episode. The simulation results indicated that reducing NMHCs concentration could effectively suppress O3 formation. Moreover, reducing traffic-related emissions of NMHCs was an effective way to control O3 pollution at an urban site in Beijing. 相似文献
510.
Juan Hao Haifeng Wang Shuhe Chen Bin Cai Linhan Ge Wencheng Xia 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1763-1769
Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the pyrolysis characteristics of printed circuit board scraps (PCBs), coal powder and their mixtures under nitrogen atmosphere. The experimental results show that there is a large difference between waste PCBs and coal powder in pyrolysis processing. The pyrolysis properties of the mixing samples are the result of interaction of the PCBs and coal powder, which is influenced by the content of mixture. The degree of pyrolysis and pyrolysis properties of the mixture are much better than that of the single component. The TG and the differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of the PCBs mixed with coal powder move towards the high-temperature zone with increasing amount of coal powder and subsequently the DTG peak also becomes wider. The Coats–Redfern integral method was used to determine the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis reaction mechanism with the different proportion of mixture. The gas of pyrolysis mainly composes of CO2, CO, H2O and some hydrocarbon. The bromide characteristic absorption peak has been detected obviously in the pyrolysis gas of PCBs. On the contrary, the absorption peak of the bromide is not obvious in pyrolysis gas of the PCBs samples adding 40% coal powder. 相似文献