Mining development,income growth and poverty alleviation: A multiplier decomposition technique applied to China

Mining has grown rapidly and is expected to continue to develop solidly in the future with the economic development in China. Based on this trend, how an increase in the outputs of mining sectors affects household income and poverty alleviation is an issue worthy of study. A multiplier decomposition method within a social accounting matrix (SAM) framework shows the linkages through which a mining sector's output contributes to household income growth and poverty alleviation. The decomposition applied to China reveals that mining development has more significantly positive impacts on the high and middle income household than low income household. Moreover, the decomposition incorporated with the Foster, Greer and Thoerbecke (FGT) poverty measure shows that the ‘coal’ sector contributes most to poverty alleviation and the low income household group, which has the biggest poverty rate, is the smallest beneficiary from the mining development. Thus, the policy implication is proposed that the government should give appropriate adjustment on the distribution of income between rich and poor households and help the unskilled human capital from the household group at a low income level to handle advanced technology of mining through education and training to reduce poverty more effectively.     

Distribution of Organo-Chlorine Pesticides (DDT and HCH) Between Plant and Soil System

This paper reports a study of the distribution of organo-chlorine pesticides (DDT and HCH) between rice plants and the soil system by spraying before the heading stage at four different dosage levels – control, normal dosage (15 kg ha^–1 of 6% HCH and 7.5 kg ha^–1 of 25% DDT), double dosage and four times dosage. Soil and plant samples were taken respectively at the 1st h, 3rd, 10th, 20th, and 40th day after spraying and at the harvest time. The results indicate that less than 5% of HCH and 15% of DDT were absorbed by the surface of rice leaves for normal dosage. Most of both pesticides moved into the soil in solution after spraying. Compared with DDT, HCH was degraded and run off more easily. HCH residues in the surface soil layer (1–3 cm) were already below 6.4 g kg^–1 at the mature stage, lower than Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Agricultural Soils: HCH <0.05 mg kg^–1. However DDT residues in the surface soil layer remained 172 g kg^–1, higher than the national standard: DDT <0.05 mg kg^–1. According to the test f OCP residues in rice seeds, it can be concluded that the OCP sprayed onto the surface of rice leaves can move into rice plants and accumulate in the seeds at the mature stage. HCH residues in rice seeds of the double and four times dosage treatments, and DDT residues in all treatments, exceeded the Chinese National Food Standard (HCH <0.10 mg kg^–1, DDT <0.20 mg kg^–1).     

面向防洪救灾的人口空间分布模拟——以大安市为例

人是最重要的受灾体，准确的人口空间模拟是衡量洪涝灾情和实施防灾救灾的重要依据。利用遥感数据模拟人口空间分布需解决两大难题：（1）居民地类型、面积、位置的精确获取；（2）居民地类型、面积与人口数量的关系。基于地理意义和数学意义，对经典的城市人口一面积异速生长模型进行了扩展，导出了城乡人口一面积统一模型；并以大安市为例，建立了居民地分类体系，以1：5万地形图为辅助数据，利用ETM影像提取居民地信息，在上述模型的基础上建立了人口分布的反演模型，模拟人口的空间分布。通过精度评价，进一步证明了基于遥感数据的人口统计数据空间化的研究思路是切实可行的。     

山东及其沿海地区活动构造与地震危险区判定

在充分吸收和消化活动断裂、活动盆地、地球物理场、地震活动、现代构造应力场和地震前兆资料的基础上,归纳总结出它们与地震活动的关系,确定了地震活动的时、空、强判定标志和原则,综合判定了中期（３～５年）和中短期（１～３年）地震危险区,为地震的短临监测预报跟踪提供了依据。     

中国青年女性血沉参考值与地理因素的关系

为制定中国青年女性血沉参考值的统一标准提供科学依据,本文收集了中国各地用温氏法测定的健康青年女性血沉参考值,并对其与地理因素的关系进行了研究,发现海拔高度是影响青年女性血沉参考值最主要的因素,随着海拔高度的逐渐增大,青年女性血沉参考值在逐渐的减小,相关性很显著。用逐步回归分析的方法推导出了一个回归方程。如果知道了中国某地的地理因素,就可以用回归方程估算这个地区的青年女性血沉参考值。依据青年女性血沉参考值与地理因素的依赖关系把中国分为青藏区,西南区,西北区,东南区,华北区,东北区等六个区     

MODELING THE FOREST HYDROLOGY OF WETLAND-UPLAND ECOSYSTEMS IN FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Few hydrological models are applicable to pine flat-woods which are a mosaic of pine plantations and cypress swamps. Unique features of this system include ephemeral sheet flow, shallow dynamic ground water table, high rainfall and evapotranspiration, and high infiltration rates. A FLATWOODS model has been developed specifically for the cypress wetland-pine upland landscape by integrating a 2-D ground water model, a Variable-Source-Area (VAS)-based surface flow model, an evapotranspiration (ET) model, and an unsaturated water flow model. The FLATWOODS model utilizes a distributed approach by dividing the entire simulation domain into regular cells. It has the capability to continuously simulate the daily values of ground water table depth, ET, and soil moisture content distributions in a watershed. The model has been calibrated and validated with a 15-year runoff and a four-year ground water table data set from two different pine flat woods research watersheds in northern Florida. This model may be used for predicting hydrologic impacts of different forest management practices in the coastal regions.     

自然状况下影响河流中悬移质对砷吸附的研究——以小白河为例

悬移质在河流的砷以及重金属转化迁移中起着非常重要的载体作用,因此,研究悬移质吸附的影响因素,对确定河流中砷以及重金属污染状况有一定的指导意义。文章分别从温度、含沙量、水体、pH值、悬移质中有机质含量等方面对悬移质中砷的影响进行了研究,并部分的验证了前人对悬移质吸附影响因素的理论。     

关于排污收费行政执法中的行政诉讼

排污收费行政执法中有两种具体行政行为,一是排污收费行政要求,二是排污收费行政处罚。据排污收费的性质,着重论述这两种不同的行政行为所引起的行政诉讼过程中诉讼程序等方面的不同之处。     

Analysis on the environmental problems accompanying the high-speed urbanization of small towns in China

The environmental problems accompanying the rapid urbanization of many small towns like Keqiao,Shaoxing County of China and their countermeasures are presented.To settle these problems rationally as well as effectively will not only conduce to boost the environmental quality and life quality of cities,but also help to promote the development of regional economy and the realization of sustainable development.     

Os-Os同位素年代学方法简介

本文介绍了国际上90年代最新发展的Os-Os同位素年代学方法的基本原理、实验方法；讨论了棒特点、应用范围、应用前景、发展方向及需要解决的问题。