某铀矿区周边土壤238U和226Ra分布特征及污染评价

为查清某铀矿区周边土壤污染源项的污染强度及范围,对需要治理的污染源进行量化,对该铀矿周边土壤0.0~0.2,0.2~0.4,0.4~0.6,0.6~0.8,0.8~1.0m土层土壤中放射性核素²³⁸U和²²⁶Ra活度进行现场调研和统计分析（水平土壤正态分布、箱型图、Q-Q图）,其表明放射性核素污染的空间分布特征及有效性影响,利用²²⁶Ra/²³⁸U反映风化程度.结果表明：在0.0~0.2m土壤深度,²³⁸U和²²⁶Ra浓度最高,分别为813.44~5059.20,737~4536Bq/kg,随深度增加²²⁶Ra和²³⁸U浓度呈减小趋势,0.6~1.0m深度²³⁸U和²²⁶Ra浓度均超美国核管会（NRC）铀矿和水冶设施退役中残存放射性核素的土壤去污标准浓度（370Bq/kg）,因此,针对研究区的土壤治理,厚度选取应不小于1m.污染评价结果表明：研究区属重度-极重度污染、强生态风险危害的土壤面积占比最高,随距铀矿区距离增加,²²⁶Ra和²³⁸U污染程度降低,潜在生态危害减小.     

废弃红砖微粉填料制备环保乳胶漆及其性能研究

研究了利用废弃红砖生产环保乳胶漆的制备方法,通过正交试验分析了乳液种类、乳液含量、醇酯十二含量、丙二醇含量和增稠剂含量对环保乳胶漆性能的影响.结果表明,废弃红砖微粉与苯丙乳液有较好的相容性,当乳液含量为25%~30%,醇酯十二0.4%~1.2%,丙二醇3.00%~3.75%,增稠剂1‰~1.5‰时,砖质环保乳胶漆产品低温稳定性良好,可成完全悬浮状态,表干时间小于30min,摆杆阻尼次数可达103次,附着力等级大于5,这为建筑废物资源化提供新的途径.     

Effects of atamp-charging coke making on strength and high temperature thermal properties of coke

The stamp-charging coke making process has some advantages of improving the operation environment, decreasing fugitive emission, higher gas collection efficiency as well as less environmental pollution. This article describes the different structure strength and high temperature thermal properties of 4 different types of coke manufactured using a conventional coking process and the stamp-charging coke making process. The 4 kinds of cokes were prepared from the mixture of five feed coals blended by the petrography blending method. The results showed that the structure strength indices of coke prepared using the stamp-charging coke method increase sharply. In contrast with conventional coking process, the stamp-charging process improved the coke strength after reaction but had little impact on the coke reactivity index.     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.     

Effect of mass fraction of long flame coal on swelling pressure and microstructures of cokes

Long flame coal are abundant and widely distributed in China, but the resource utilization is quite low, the production efficiency is not high. Stamp-charging coke making technology can bend some long flame coal, which can reduce production cost and expand the coking coal resources. The long flame coal of different mass fraction is added into prime coking coal including fat coal from Longhu, 1/3 coking coal from Xinjian and coking coal from Didao in experiment. The swelling pressure is tested on-line detection using pressure sensor in coke making process, and the pores are observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, the swelling pressure first increase and then decrease with the temperature increased and the maximum swelling pressure reduces gradually with mass fraction of the Long flame coal from Shenmu increased in coke making process. The SEM images of resultant coke display that the coke get more and more loose and the amount of pores is increased with mass fraction of the long flame coal from Shenmu increased. The amount pores and the pore diameter both is minimum for coking coal from Didao as prime coking coal under the same fraction of long flame coal.     

Profile of the culturable microbiome capable of producing acyl-homoserine lactone in the tobacco phyllosphere

Bacterial populations coexisting in the phyllosphere niche have important effects on plant health. Quorum sensing (QS) allows bacteria to communicate via diffusible signal molecules, but QS-dependent behaviors in phyllosphere bacterial populations are poorly understood. We investigate the dense and diverse N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-producing phyllosphere bacteria living on tobacco leaf surfaces via a culture-dependent method and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results indicated that approximately 7.9%-11.7% of the culturable leaf-associated bacteria have the ability to produce AHL based on the assays using whole-cell biosensors. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene assigned the AHL-producing strains to two phylogenetic groups, with Gammaproteobacteria (93%) as the predominant group, followed by Alphaproteobacteria. All of the AHL-producing Alphaproteobacteria were affiliated with the genus Rhizobium, whereas the AHL-producing bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria mainly fell within the genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pantoea and Serratia. The bioassays of supernatant extracts revealed that a portion of the strains have a remarkable AHL profile for AHL induction activity using the two different biosensors, and one compound in the active extract of a representative isolate, NTL223, corresponded to 3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone. A large population size and diversity of bacteria capable of AHL-driven QS were found to cohabit on leaves, implying that cross-communication based AHL-type QS may be common in the phyllosphere. Furthermore, this study provides a general snapshot of a potential valuable application of AHL-producing bacteria inhabiting leaves for their presumable ecological roles in the phyllosphere.     

环境保护历史转变时期的环境监测分析

本文通过多年来的工作实践和管理经验,针对新时期环境监测及污染源监测工作的特殊要求,围绕环境监测站的定位,软、硬件建设及监测数据管理的重要性,从多方面、多角度进行了详尽的阐述,提出了有针对性的对策与建议.     

浅谈环境影响评价中的环境监测

当前,我国正处于经济建设的高速发展时期,环境保护工作的发展面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。环境监测作为环境保护管理中的最重要手段,贯穿于环境影响评价的全过程,其监测数据反映了环境质量状况和污染物排放情况,是环境污染预测的基础,是实施总量控制必不可少的手段,在环境影响评价体系中有着重要的作用。     

工业园区大气环境影响预测研究--以内蒙古蒙大新能源化工基地为例

工业园区大气环境影响预测的难点主要在于进入园区项目的不确定性使得预测工作没有较为精准的基础数据。因此,要在充分分析园区定位、产业特征和入园行业的基础上,以宏观与微观相结合的方式进行预测,设立多种情景分析;同时充分分析园区的所在地区的环境承载力,才能对园区建设对大气环境的影响有较为准确的把握。以内蒙古蒙大新能源化工基地为例,简要说明。     

欧洲战略环境影响评价工作程序与特点分析研究

战略环境影响评价是指对法律、政策、计划或规划及其替代方案的环境影响进行正式的、系统的和综合的评价。欧洲战略环境影响评价的理论和实践在国际上具有领先的地位。本文介绍了战略环境影响评价的发展历程,特别对欧洲发达国家的战略环境影响评价的工作程序做了深入的分析,从战略的筛选、确定范围、环境影响评价、决策和批准、执行和监督、咨询与公众参与等方面,总结了欧洲战略环境影响评价的工作特点,对于中国战略环评工作的推动具有一定的借鉴意义。