基于行为科学的组织安全管理方案模型

社会组织的安全管理工作方法的集合可以看做是该组织的安全管理方案,根据文化导向组织行为,组织行为决定个人行为的行为科学基本原理,该安全管理方案可以结构化为由安全文化、组织结构和安全方法3个基本模块组成的模型。其工作原理,即安全管理原理,是该模型运行产生组织内员工的安全知识、安全意识、安全习惯等中间结果和组织员工的安全行为、安全设施的安全状态以及组织安全业绩等最终结果。组织安全管理方案模型的优劣可以用诊断方法量化诊断,其运行结果也可以用个人行为纠正方法进行补充改善。组织安全管理方案模型内的内容组成了安全科学技术学科的主体内容,也是本学科学历教育方案形成、发展的依据。     

Applying hexagonal nanostructured zeolite particles for acetone removal

This study examines the performance of a new adsorbent, hexagonal nanostructured zeolite particles (HNZP) for acetone adsorption and compares the results with that of commercial mobil synthetic zeolite-5 (ZSM-5) type zeolite. The HNZP is a pure siliceous adsorbent with different values of pore diameter and surface area being adjustable by the manufacturing condition. The results indicate that a slight increase in the average pore diameter (d) of HNZP from 2 to 2.5 nm leads to an increase in the acetone adsorption capacity, although its surface area is decreased, in which case (d = 2.5 nm) the adsorption capacity of fresh HNZP is better than that of ZSM-5 zeolite. Even for the fresh HNZP (d = 2 nm) of which the adsorption capacity is less than that of the ZSM-5 zeolite at relative humidity (RH) of 0%, its adsorption capacity is not deteriorated after repeated regeneration, but the adsorption capacity of regenerated ZSM-5 zeolite decays markedly. Thus, after only one regeneration, the adsorption capacity of HNZP (d = 2 nm) becomes better than that of the ZSM-5 zeolite. The decrease in the adsorption capacity of regenerated ZSM-5 zeolite might be because of its aluminum content that catalyzes the acetone into coke and, thus, blocks the adsorption sites. Furthermore, result on the moisture effect shows that because the pure siliceous HNZP was more hydrophobic than the ZSM-5 zeolite, the acetone adsorption efficiency of fresh HNZP (d = 2 nm) is better than that of ZSM-5 zeolite at RH = 50%.     

排放废水综合合格率统计概念分析

在企业环境管理与环境统计中，排放废水综合合格率是一个常见的和重要的考核指标。本文运用多种辅助方法对其意义及内涵进行了多侧面的分析，同时给出了一些实例，并对其进行了统计运算和效果分析。     

砂土滑动液化的初步分析

本文针对大量的滑坡现场观察到的滑体滑动引起严重的砂土液化现象描述了液化引起的危害。初步给出了砂土滑动液化的定义;分析了砂土滑动液化形成的机理以及砂土滑动液化势评价的初步设想。     

层次分析法(AHP)在安全经济分析中的应用

简单介绍层次分析法，提出了安全项目的效益层次结构和成本层次结构，应用层次分析法对罐区监控预警系统做了综合评价。     

中国职业汽车驾驶员适宜性检测标准制订研究

本文利用先进的心理，生理仪器，巡回14个省（市），检测了3000余名汽车运输驾驶员的心理，生理素质状况，并调查了被检测驾驶员连续5年的事故记录，经相关性分析和聚类数据处理，建立了适合我国国情的驾驶员适宜性检测体系，并制订出检测标准。     

碱法草浆造纸黑液厌氧生物降解研究

采用中温(34±2℃)全混合式厌氧反应器处理蒽酸和硫化烧碱草浆造纸黑液。对比厌氧发酵结合物化前或后处理两种方法进行试验,厌氧生物降解COD_(er)去除率分别为61.2～75.3％和34.9～46.2％,COD_(er)总去除率分别为80.0～87.6％和68.4～75.8％。在厌氧发酵稳态运行条件下,对发酵污泥中主要微生物类群和数量进行了研究。     

Analyzing injury severity of bus passengers with different movements

Objective: Though public transport vehicles are rarely involved in mass casualty accidents, when they are, the number of injuries and fatalities is usually high due to the high passenger capacity. Of the few studies that have been conducted on bus safety, the majority focused on vehicle safety features, road environmental factors, as well as driver characteristics. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to investigate the underlying risk factors related to bus occupants. This article presents an investigation aimed at identifying the risk factors affecting injury severity of bus passengers with different movements.

Method: Three different passenger movement types including standing, seated, and boarding/alighting were analyzed individually using classification and regression tree (CART) method based on publicly available accident database of Great Britain.

Results: According to the results of exploratory analyses, passenger age and vehicle maneuver are associated with passenger injury severity in all 3 types of accidents. Moreover, the variable “skidding and overturning” is associated with injury severity of seated passengers and driver age is correlated with injury severity of standing and boarding/alighting passengers.

Conclusions: The CART method shows its ability to identify and easily explain the complicated patterns affecting passenger injury severity. Several countermeasures to reduce bus passenger injury severity are recommended.     

Gravimetric analysis for PM2.5 mass concentration based on year-round monitoring at an urban site in Beijing

Daily PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of below 2.5 μm) mass concentrations were measured by gravimetric analysis in Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES), in the northern part of the Beijing urban area, from December 2013 to April 2015. Two pairs of Teflon(T1/T2) and Quartz(Q1/Q2) samples were obtained, for a total number of 1352 valid filters. Results showed elevated pollution in Beijing,with an annual mean PM_(2.5)mass concentration of 102 μg/m~3. According to the calculated PM_(2.5)mass concentration, 50% of our sampling days were acceptable(PM_(2.5) 75 μg/m~3), 30% had slight/medium pollution(75–150 μg/m~3), and 7% had severe pollution( 250 μg/m~3). Sampling interruption occurred frequently for the Teflon filter group(75%) in severe pollution periods,resulting in important data being missing. Further analysis showed that high PM_(2.5)combined with high relative humidity(RH) gave rise to the interruptions. The seasonal variation of PM_(2.5)was presented, with higher monthly average mass concentrations in winter(peak value in February, 422 μg/m~3), and lower in summer(7 μg/m~3 in June). From May to August, the typical summer period, least severe pollution events were observed, with high precipitation levels accelerating the process of wet deposition to remove PM_(2.5). The case of February presented the most serious pollution, with monthly averaged PM_(2.5)of 181 μg/m~3 and 32% of days with severe pollution. The abundance of PM_(2.5)in winter could be related to increased coal consumption for heating needs.     

修饰作用对面包酵母细胞形貌及其吸附Cu2+性能的影响比较

分别采用无水乙醇、氢氧化钠修饰面包酵母,并将修饰前后的菌样用于含 Cu2 废水的吸附研究.通过扫描电镜、Zeta 电位仪和红外光谱仪对吸附前后菌样进行了检测分析.结果显示,化学修饰作用使菌细胞不同程度地发生形变,使其个体减小、表面粗糙且细胞粘连,以及 Zeta电位改变,同时菌样的红外光谱吸收峰强度、波数也发生变化甚至有新特征吸收谱线产生.这表明,修饰作用不仅改变了酵母细胞的外形结构、表面电荷,而且提高了菌表面有机官能团的数量及吸附活性,其中 NaOH 修饰作用还使菌细胞中羰基更加暴露.在吸附Cu2 的过程中,菌样表面羧基、羰基、羟基、氨基、酰胺基、磷酰基等官能团发挥了重要作用.