水泥回转窑固化处理废弃重金属元素的实验研究

废弃的重金属化学试剂是一类危险的固体废物.通过在水泥回转窑中添加质量小于水泥质量的重金属化学试剂的实验研究表明(本实验添加质量约为水泥的0.1%):掺加化学试剂重金属元素后,各水泥熟料的XRD图谱相似,水泥熟料主要矿物相没有发生大的改变;重金属化学试剂的添加对水泥的7 d、28 d抗压强度的影响较小,符合国家标准;熟料试样在其水化28 d时各重金属的浸出量都很低,已低于工业固体废物浸出毒性鉴别标准规定的指标,由此表明利用水泥回转窑处理废弃化学试剂方法可行.     

ABR反应器预处理综合印染废水研究

采用ABR反应器预处理难降解印染废水中试研究。结果表明,ABR反应器最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为24 h,ABR反应器稳定运行4个月,当进水COD平均值为769.4 mg/L（最高1 060 mg/L,最低590.6 mg/L）,色度平均值为351倍时,出水COD和色度分别为424.2 mg/L和83倍,去除率分别为44.5%和76.1%。印染废水B/C由0.27提高到0.42,废水可生化性明显改善。     

天津市气溶胶折射指数及消光特征

根据2005年5月17～23日Grimm气溶胶粒谱分析仪观测结果,考察天津市气溶胶消光特征.利用天津市2000年非采暖季PM10源解析的结果,初步得出天津市气溶胶的折射指数为1.585-0.118i.通过Mie理论计算得出天津市气溶胶散射消光占到总消光的60 0A以上;气溶胶消光主要集中于粒径小于1.00 μm的颗粒物,消光贡献率为80%以上.其中粒径为O.30～0.35 μm的颗粒物的消光贡献率最大,达20.7%.     

Concentrations, spatial distributions and congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils from a coastal city--Tianjin, China

A total of 82 surface soil samples collected from central urban sites, surrounding rural sites, coastal sites and background sites in Tianjin were analyzed for 84 PCB congeners. The mean values of total PCBs concentrations for surrounding rural sites, central urban sites, coastal sites, background sites and the whole Tianjin region were 4.45, 3.20, 12.65, 1.96 and 4.02 ng g(-1), respectively. No "urban fractionation effect" was found in Tianjin, which reflected the influence of local emission sources for PCBs such as industries and township enterprises in surrounding rural sites. In contrast, a "primary fractionation effect" was found in Tianjin region. The PCBs concentrations for whole Tianjin region showed a strong east-west gradient and the percentages of lighter molecular weight PCBs homologs (sum of di- to tetra-PCBs) to the total PCBs concentrations increased from east to west. The seven indicator PCBs concentrations were well correlated with the total PCBs concentrations with the correlation coefficients as 0.76 for Tianjin region and 0.74 for central urban sites, respectively. Predominant PCB homolog groups were penta- and tri-PCBs for Tianjin region. 10 dioxin-like PCBs concentrations were well correlated with total PCBs concentrations for all the sampling sites (R=0.79, P<0.0001). The TEQ concentrations for 10 dioxin-like PCBs were 5.3424 ng kg(-1) for Tianjin region and showed a strong east to west gradient. The spatial distribution of PCBs levels, homolog composition patterns and TEQ concentrations were all obviously influenced by local emission sources for PCBs in the east part of Tianjin region.     

邻菲啰啉活化催化褪色光度法测定环境水体中痕量铜(Ⅱ)

根据邻菲啰啉活化痕量铜(Ⅱ)催化溴酸钾氧化甲基紫褪色反应,建立了催化褪色光度法测定痕量铜(Ⅱ)的新方法.讨论了介质、试剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、活化剂和共存离子的影响,确定了最佳试验条件.结果表明,在25 mL溶液中,72 ℃恒温反应15 min,加铜(Ⅱ)和不加铜(Ⅱ)的吸光度差值与铜(Ⅱ)质量浓度间的关系在铜(Ⅱ)质量浓度为2.40×10-3～5.12×10-2 mg/L时呈线性关系,符合比尔定律;该新方法的测定波长为578 nm,铜(Ⅱ)检出限为2.40×10-3 mg/L,用于环境水体中痕量铜(Ⅱ)的测定,最大相对标准偏差为3.14%,加标回收率为96.0%～105.0%,对比<水质铜的测定二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠分光光度法> (GB/T 7474-1987) 相对误差低于6.00%.     

副球菌BW001的生理特性及其对吡啶的降解

从武钢焦化厂废水处理系统的活性污泥中筛选出1株吡啶高效降解菌BW001,经菌株生理特性研究和16S rRNA序列测定,其属于副球菌(Paracoccus sp.).BW001为革兰氏阴性,具有固氮作用,对头孢、卡那霉素和利福平具有抗性.用SDS碱裂解法从该菌株中提取到1个小质粒和2个大质粒,其中2个大质粒可被限制性内切酶EcoR Ⅰ,BamH Ⅰ、Hind Ⅲ单酶切.以吡啶为唯一碳、氮源,在投菌量为0.03 g/L、吡啶初始质量浓度为493.4 mg/L、温度为30℃、pH为6.5的条件下,BW001可在33.0 h内将吡啶完全降解,降解速率为16.16 g/(L·h),吡啶中50%～60%的氮转化为NH4 ,高浓度吡啶对BW001产生一定抑制,但菌株在适应后,对吡啶的降解速率更高;降解吡啶最适温度为30～35℃,最适pH为8.0.     

Performance of the Annular Denuder System with Different Arrangements for HNO3 and HNO2 Measurements in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

Experiments on different annular denuder system (ADS)arrangements for sampling nitrous acid (HNO₂) and ni-tric acid (HNO₃) gases were conducted in this study toevaluate their sampling artifacts. The evaluation basis isthe one that employed one sodium chloride denuder forsampling HNO₃ gas and two sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)denuders for sampling HNO₂ gas, which is a commonlyemployed ADS arrangement in many field applicationsin the United States. A field study was conducted inHsinchu, Taiwan, and the results indicated that this ADSarrangement may yield over 80% relative errors for HNO₃gas. It also showed that the relative errors for HNO₂ gascan be less than 10% as sampled with only one Na₂CO₃denuder. This is attributed to the fact that the ambientHNO₃ concentration measured in this study was relativelylow while the HNO₂ concentration was high, as comparedto typical concentrations of these two gases measured inthe United States.

The sampling error of HNO₃ gas may be due to highconcentrations of N-containing interfering speciespresent in Taiwan’s atmosphere. Because the relative sam-pling errors of HNO₃ and HNO₂ gases depend mainly ontheir concentrations in the atmosphere as well as con-centrations caused by interfering species, the risk for higherror while measuring low HNO₂ concentrations by onlyone Na₂CO₃ denuder is also possible. As a result, it is sug-gested that pretests are necessary to evaluate possiblesources and degrees of sampling errors before fieldsampling of HNO₂ and HNO₃ gases. The sampling errorsof these two gases can, therefore, be minimized with abetter arrangement of the ADS.     

液液萃取—气相色谱-质谱法测定丙傲来、烯酸生产废水中的特征污染物

建立了液液萃取—气相色谱-质谱法快速测定丙烯酸生产废水中苯系物、酯类、醇类、醛类和酮类等12种半挥发性有机物的分析方法。液液萃取条件为：以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,废水pH 7,分散剂甲醇加入量10 mL/L,盐析剂NaCl加入量300 g/L。各组分的工作曲线的线性关系良好。各组分的加标回收率为95.2%~116.0%,各组分的方法检出限为0.001~0.179 μg/L,相对标准偏差均小于3.5%。该方法可用于丙烯酸生产废水中主要特征有机物的快速定量检测。