降雨入渗与地表径流污染减量模拟试验研究

针对造成水体污染的城市降雨地表径流问题,建立模拟降雨系统,选用聚合物与功能材料,改良土壤结构,提高土壤对雨水的渗透性,削减地表径流及径流携带污染物对纳污水体的污染.结果表明,复合施用PAM与沸石使降雨径流过流体土壤结构被改良,对降雨径流的削减作用明显,对土壤的降水渗透有显著的促进.数据表明,沸石与PAM配施对削减降雨地表径流与提高降雨土壤入渗的效果有协同作用.在36、72和108 mm/h不同降雨强度下,处理土壤水的入渗较对照分别提高了35%～76%、32%～66%和18%～47%,降雨后土壤的含水量较对照可提高1～5倍.     

Use of gamma-irradiation pretreatment for enhancement of anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

The effects of γ-irradiation pretreatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge was investigated in this paper. Parameters like solid components, soluble components, and biogas production of anaerobic digestion experiment for sewage sludge were measured. The values of these parameters were compared before and after γ-irradiation pretreatment. Total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), suspended solid (SS), volatile suspended solid (VSS), and average floc size of samples decreased after γ-irradiation treatment. Besides, floc size distribution of sewage sludge shifted from 80–100 μm to 0–40 μm after γ-irradiation treatment at the doses from 0 to 30 kGy, which indicated the disintegration of sewage sludge. Moreover, microbe cells of sewage sludge were ruptured by γ-irradiation treatment, which resulted in the release of cytoplasm and increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). Both sludge disintegration and microbe cells rupture enhanced the subsequent anaerobic digestion process, which was demonstrated by the increase of accumulated biogas production. Compared with digesters fed with none irradiated sludge, the accumulated biogas production increased 44, 98, and 178 mL for digesters fed sludge irradiated at 2.48, 6.51, and 11.24 kGy, respectively. The results indicated that γ-irradiation pretreatment could effectively enhance anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge, and correspondingly, could accelerate hydrolysis process, shorten sludge retention time of sludge anaerobic digestion process. __________ Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(8): 36–39 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

水环境模拟中变异函数的稳健性分析

文章将稳健统计学（RS）引入地质统计学（GS）,对廊坊市地下水现场采样数据中Cl^-运用影响系数法和估计邻域法识别并处理特异值,取得了较好的稳健效果。在此基础上,用Cressie-Hawkins法、中位调节法两种稳健统计学方法系统的对进行特异值处理前后的数据作了处理和分析。结果表明,变量Cl^-离子经ICM法处理特异值后再进行稳健计算方法中以MA法有较大的优势,而且获得稳健变异函数γR（h）及其估计量对于改善变异函数的结构性和理论模型的主要参数有明显效果。因此,稳健地质统计学的方法可以移植到水环境科学中应用,这对加强水环境空间变异性以及稳健变异函数的基础研究有着重要的应用价值和学术价值。     

重金属镉污染土壤的微生物影响研究进展

镉污染严重影响了土壤微生物生物量碳氮、土壤基础呼吸、土壤酶活性以及种群结构,破坏了土壤微生物的正常组成区系,抑制了土壤微生物代谢功能,降低了土壤微生物活性,造成土壤重金属污染,威胁到人类生活健康。近二十年来,研究土壤微生物与土壤重金属污染之间的关系已成为国内外环境科学领域的一个热点,而镉污染对土壤微生物生物量、微生物活性、群落结构影响研究也已取得一定进展,可为镉污染土壤微生物修复技术提供理论依据。     

甲型流感的流行与防控分析及其对新冠肺炎疫情的启示

目前新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情在全球流行,对人类生命健康造成威胁.对甲型流感这一常见传染病进行流行特征、影响因素和防控措施分析,回顾总结全球为防控甲型流感做出的努力及相关科学研究成果,为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情提供防控经验和研究思路.结果表明:①甲型流感呈季节性流行,受气候、社会、政治和文化等多因素影响,在低温低湿、人口密集的环境中表现出强流行性.②甲型流感防控研究工作主要包括季节性流感病毒监测、流感病毒的生态学研究、广谱中和抗体及通用疫苗的研究、应对流感大流行的病原学风险评估四方面,其中季节性流感病毒监测是制定公共卫生政策及后续研究的核心防控措施.③与甲型流感类似,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行受温度等气候因素影响,同时社会、政治、文化等因素也影响其传播,亟需借鉴较成熟的甲型流感的防控经验、技术和平台.建议在加强病毒监测的同时,深入开展病毒生态学研究、病原学风险评估和药物开发,对完善疫情防控工作和预警预测未来可能出现的二次暴发及传播至关重要.研究结果将为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情和未来传染病疫情的防控及预测预警提供参考和研究思路.      

黄河三角洲湿地保护和油田开发的协调发展

黄河三角洲新生湿地生态系统是黄河强造陆运动和海岸系统蚀退相互作用的产物,在这里雨热同季,形成了天然或人工、长久或暂时的、流动或静止的湿地。黄河三角洲具有自然、经济和社会三大类１８项功能。油气资源的开发对其自然因素、潜在因素和对社会经济价值都有一定的影响,我们在开采石油的同时一定要注意生态保护,加强绿化、污染物排放总量控制、采用先进的开采技术和建立湿地补偿制度。     

一维有限段模型在小清河河口水质预测中的应用

本文建立了小清河-维河口有限段水质模型,并运用该水质模型预测了拟建的东营乙烯工程对小清河感潮段的水质影响,所获得的预测结论为有关部门确定东营乙烯工程废水的排污去向提供了重要的科学依据。     

治污工程对武汉东湖生态恢复的研究与探讨

通过对武汉东湖水域水质污染现状的调查 ,东湖已成为浮游植物响应型的城市富营养湖泊。对东湖入湖污水几乎全部截流 ,并通过长江补充新水 ,辅之换水 ,挖除部分底泥 ,污水处理 ,利用水浮莲的作用及生态调整等措施 ,湖水经大约 2 3～ 2 4a时间 ,随着东湖水质的改善 ,必将促进其水生生物的良性演替 ,使湖泊生态功能较迅速得以恢复 ,不断增进湖泊生态经济效益     

南四湖港口污染物扩散区COD降解系数的研究

本文对南四湖港口污染物扩散区内的ＣＯＤ降解规律进行了室内模拟试验研究，采用最小二乘法估计出了ＣＯＤ可降解部分的降解系数和不可降解部分的百分比，并通过方差分析验证了模型的可靠性。ＣＯＤ降解系数和不可降解百分比的获取，可以为预测各港口对南四湖水质变化趋势的影响，为制定相应的水污染防治规划和措施，提供了重要的基础数据。     

Why did I say sorry? Apology motives and transgressor perceptions of reconciliation

Despite the importance of apology in reconciling interpersonal transgressions, little research has focused on the people engaging in the behavior. Why do transgressors apologize in the workplace, and do apology motives shape transgressor perceptions of reconciliation? We conducted three field studies using qualitative and quantitative methodologies to examine these questions. In Studies 1 and 2 (total N = 781), we identified four distinct apology motives—self‐blame, relational value, personal expedience, and fear of sanctions—and developed self‐report scales to measure the motives. In Study 3 (N = 420), we examined relations between apology motives and transgressor perceptions of victim forgiveness and relationship reconciliation through the lens of motivated cognition. We found that apologizing due to self‐blame, relational value, and personal expedience increases perceptions of victim forgiveness, whereas apologizing due to fear of sanctions decreases perceived forgiveness. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that motives indirectly influence transgressor perceptions of relationship reconciliation through perceived forgiveness. Taken together, our research presents a novel multidimensional perspective on apology‐giving in the workplace, suggesting that why transgressors apologize can affect their perceptions of reconciliation. Overall, our research highlights the need to incorporate transgressor cognitive and motivational processes into reconciliation research.