高速铁路客运车站气力垃圾收集输送系统应用研究

近年来国内高速铁路发展迅猛,同时也新建了一些高速铁路车站,但目前国内铁路车站站车垃圾仍然采用原始的人工收集或者人工机械混合收集的方式,这些传统的垃圾收集方式影响城市形象及人身健康。气力垃圾收集输送系统是目前国际最为先进的垃圾收集输送系统,文章对该系统在高速铁路车站的应用进行了研究,提出了具体的实施方案。     

Catalytic oxidation of benzene over nanostructured porous Co3O4-CeO2 composite catalysts

The three-dimensional structured Co₃O₄-CeO₂ oxides with Co/Ce molar ratio 16:1 gave the highest catalytic activity, which provided more surface hydroxyl groups and more surface oxygenated species.     

Characteristics and influence factors of NO2 exchange flux between the atmosphere and P. nigra

Nitrogen dioxide(NO_2)is an important substance in atmospheric photochemical processes and can also be absorbed by plants.N02 fluxes between the atmosphere and P.nigrc seedlings were investigated by a double dynamic chambers method in Beijing from June 15to September 3,2017.The range of N02 exchange fluxes between P.nigra seedlings and the atmosphere was from-14.6 to 0.8 nmol/(m~2.sec)(the positive data represent N02 emissior from trees,while the negative values indicate absorption).Under ambient concentrations the mean NO_2 flux during the fast-growing stage(Jun.15-Aug.4)was-3.0 nmol/(m2·sec)greater than the flux of-1.5 nmol/(m2-sec)during the later growth stage(Aug.8-Sept.3)The daily exchange fluxes of NO_2 obviously fluctuated.The fluxes were largest in the morning and decreased gradually over time.Additionally,the N02 fluxes were larger undei high light intensities than under low light intensities during the whole growth period.The effects of temperature on N02 fluxes were different under two growth periods.The NO_2exchange fluxes were larger in a range of temperatures close to 44℃in the fast-growing stage,whereas there were no evident differences in N02 exchange fluxes under widel differing temperatures in the later growth stage.Under polluted conditions,the uptake ability of N02 was weakened.Additionally,the compensation point of N02 was 5.6 ppb ir the fast-growing stage,whereas it was 1.4 ppb in the later growth stage.The depositior velocities of NO_2 were between 0.3 and 2.4 mm/sec.     

影响总氮空白测定因素的实验探讨

水质中总氮的测定采用碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法(HJ 636-2012),对本方法中影响总氮测定的各种因素进行了实验探索和结果分析.在实验探索中,主要是从实验用水、实验试剂、实验器皿(主要是比色管)等方面研究总氮测定过程中对空白的影响.实验结果分析表明:实验用水只要是新鲜制备的去离子水,分别通过两台纯水机的水都能满足空白值要求.过硫酸钾和氢氧化钠的纯度、碱性过硫酸钾溶液和1+9盐酸溶液的存放时间、比色管的洁净程度等均会影响总氮的空白值.结合综上所述方案,可以得到最优化的总氮空白值为0.010的吸光度.     

Dual-functional sites for synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) by polyaniline-TiO2 hydrate: Adsorption behaviors,sites and mechanisms

• PANI/Ti(OH)_n^(4–n)+ exhibited excellent adsorption capacity and reusability. • Adsorption sites of Cr(VI) were hydroxyl, amino/imino group and benzene rings. • Sb(V) was adsorbed mainly through hydrogen bonds and Ti-O-Sb. • The formation of Cr-O-Sb in dual system demonstrated the synergistic adsorption. • PANI/TiO₂ was a potential widely-applied adsorbent and worth further exploring. Removal of chromium (Cr) and antimony (Sb) from aquatic environments is crucial due to their bioaccumulation, high mobility and strong toxicity. In this work, a composite adsorbent consisting of Ti(OH)_n^(4–n)+ and polyaniline (PANI) was designed and successfully synthesized by a simple and eco-friendly method for the uptake of Cr(VI) and Sb(V). The synthetic PANI/TiO₂ composites exhibited excellent adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) and Sb(V) (394.43 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 48.54 mg/g for Sb(V)), wide pH applicability and remarkable reusability. The adsorption of Cr(VI) oxyanions mainly involved electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding and anion-π interactions. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis, the adsorption sites were shown to be hydroxyl groups, amino/imino groups and benzene rings. Sb(V) was adsorbed mainly through hydrogen bonds and surface complexation to form Ti-O-Sb complexes. The formation of Cr-O-Sb in the dual system demonstrated the synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V). More importantly, because of the different adsorption sites, the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) occurred independently and was enhanced to some extent in the dual system. The results suggested that PANI/TiO₂ is a promising prospect for practical wastewater treatment in the removal of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) from wastewater owing to its availability, wide applicability and great reusability.     

海上石油平台工艺区风环境模拟及韧性评估*

为研究不同风向下海上石油平台工艺区的风场特征和系统韧性,采用Fluent软件从8种不同风向角度对海上平台工艺区风环境进行三维数值模拟,分析研究高于工艺区地面1.5,3,4.5 m水平风场风速分布特征,确定微静风区和强风速区面积,并以微静风区域占比为指标评估系统抗灾韧性。研究结果表明:风速激增区出现在障碍物前缘或侧翼;风口顺延形成强风道,风速介于1.6～3.1 m/s之间;系统韧性与微静风区占比呈现负相关,在1.5 m高度风场处,E-90°风向时微静风区域面积占比约为69%,工艺系统韧性较弱,风险较大;NW-315°风向时微静风区域面积占比约为9.6%,工艺系统韧性较强,风险较小;随着风场高度增大,各个风向系统韧性均有所提高,W-270°风向时系统韧性升幅达12.1%,N-0°风向时系统韧性升幅达12.24%。研究结果可为海上石油平台逃生路线设计、火气监控设备布置及提高平台自身抗灾韧性方面提供指导依据。     

废水处理用微电解规整化填料的制备

以黏土、铁屑和活性炭为原料,加入一定量的添加剂,以水为黏合剂造粒,在一定温度下焙烧制成颗粒状微电解规整化填料。实验结果表明：在黏土、铁屑、活性炭的体积比为2：4：4、氯化铵为添加剂、添加量为0．5％（质量分数）、焙烧温度为600℃的条件下,制备的微电解规整化填料具有最佳的废水处理效果。用该填料处理低浓度染料废水（废水COD为591．5mg／L）,COD去除率可达75％以上。     

受限空间燃料电池车辆氢气泄漏与燃爆研究现状

燃料电池车辆高效环保,但其高压储氢罐会带来泄漏及燃爆风险。车库、隧道等受限空间是实际运行中常见场景,受限空间将改变燃料电池车辆氢气泄漏后扩散积聚、射流燃烧与气云爆炸的演化特性。针对这一现状,总结了国内外研究人员对受限空间燃料电池车辆氢泄漏、射流燃烧与气云爆炸的研究;分析了国内外现有标准与指南,归纳出受限空间内燃料电池车辆的安全措施,为燃料电池车辆安全运行与风险评估提供技术支持。     

雄安新区土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险

为了解雄安新区表层土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险状况,系统采集和分析测试区内土壤样品600件,采用富集因子、地累积指数、综合污染指数、潜在生态危害指数和健康风险评估模型,对土壤重金属污染程度、潜在生态风险和健康风险进行评估.结果表明,各项重金属富集因子(EF)均值小于2,从高至低顺序为Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Ni>Z...     

持久性有机污染物(POPs)研究进展

对持久性有机污染物的定义、特点、种类和危害进行了介绍,分析了这些物质在全球自然界中存在的量和来源,阐述了POPs在区域或全球的迁移、循环模式以及POPs的预测模型,提出了对目前和将来POPs控制的研究对策和一些意见。