小船的防油污措施

行驶于中国江河湖海的成千上万艘小于４００ 总吨的船舶，是造成水域环境油污染的主要原因之一。国际防污公约对这类船舶的防油污措施并无详细规定。文中介绍一种相应的举措，可供各地主管部门、船东、船舶修造厂、船员等参考。     

城市小区分散式生态污水处理

针对目前我国城市集中式污水处理方法的弊端，提出将小型人工湿地运用于城市小区的污水处理，形成分散式生态污水处理系统，实现环境目标与经济效益的结合。     

基于边云协同计算的浮桥运动姿态在线监测技术研究

目的 解决水面多模块浮体在离散状态和串联状态下的运动姿态时空同步监测问题。方法 基于边云协同技术,采用多个边缘计算节点同时采集结构姿态数据,并经由5G无线技术实时传输到物联网平台进行分析与监测,进而实现目标结构物姿态的快速监测。首先,根据临时结构物姿态监测的特点,分析得到姿态监测系统的总体设计架构与运行逻辑;其次,针对性地对物联网平台软件及边缘计算节点的各项功能模块进行分析设计;最后通过实船试验验证该监测系统。结果 该监测系统实现了多个浮体姿态数据的边缘采集与处理,并可通过无线网络传输到物联网平台进行存储与分析。在同一工况下,相邻浮桥的姿态具有一致性与相关性;在牵引工况下,中间浮桥的姿态变化更小;在顶推工况下,中间浮桥的姿态变化更大。结论 通过该技术能够监测到不同工况下多浮体结构物所产生的姿态变化,对于多浮体同步监测与数据融合处理问题具备一定的实用价值。     

Migration of manufacturing industries and transfer of carbon emissions embodied in trade: empirical evidence from China and Thailand

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - At present, China’s carbon emissions rank first in the world, which not only brings huge challenges to the sustainable development of...     

Removal of tetracyclines,sulfonamides, and quinolones by industrial-scale composting and anaerobic digestion processes

This study evaluated and compared the removal of antibiotics by industrial-scale composting and anaerobic digestion at different seasons. Twenty compounds belonged to three classes of widely used veterinary antibiotics (i.e., tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and quinolones) were investigated. Results show that of the three groups of antibiotics, tetracyclines were dominant in swine feces and poorly removed by anaerobic digestion with significant accumulation in biosolids, particularly in winter. Compared to that in winter, a much more effective removal (>?97%) by anaerobic digestion was observed for sulfonamides in summer. By contrast, quinolones were the least abundant antibiotics in swine feces and exhibited a higher removal by anaerobic digestion in winter than in summer. The overall removal of antibiotics by aerobic composting could be more than 90% in either winter or summer. Nevertheless, compost products from livestock farms in Beijing contained much higher antibiotics than commercial organic fertilizers. Thus, industrial composting standards should be strictly applied to livestock farms to further remove antibiotics and produce high quality organic fertilizer.     

Comparative study on the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using three different packings

To improve the removal efficiency on hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a biofilter was developed and was made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. The effects of three different packings (i.e., packing A, packing B, and packing C), containing different proportions of activated carbon, sawdust, wormcast, perlite, and pig manure compost, based on different biofilter parameters on H₂S removal efficiency, were investigated. With the extension of running time, the H₂S removal rate of packing A reached up to 90.12%, that of packing B reached a peak at 92.96%, and that of packing C was highest at 87.21%. The contribution rate of each packing at the bottom of the device was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than that of other parts, and those of the top of the devices were all greater than those of the middle of the devices. The H₂S removal rate increased with greater filler layer height. The removal rate of group B increased first with humidity, and then declined, with the optimal humidity level for the removal of H₂S 50–65% in this study. With the prolongation of the run, the pH of packing A was reduced from 7.1 to 5.91, while the pH of packing B and C remained within the range of 6.53–7.10. An increase was found in the number of bacteria and fungi over time. The count of bacteria in packing B and C and following a decreasing order was bottom > middle > top, whereas that for fungi was the opposite. In conclusion, it is thought that packing B (comprising wormcast + sawdust + activated carbon) is more efficient in the removal of H₂S than the other packings and may thus be utilized in biofilters. These results hope to provide useful information for future related research on the removal efficiency of H₂S using packings.

Implications: Wormcasts use as biological filter packing to remove H₂S is limited and needs yet to be explored. A comparative study on the removal efficiency of H₂S using three packings showed the packings that included wormcast were more efficient than others, and showed the combined features of physical absorption and biological removal with long sustainability and good efficiency, although these were largely influenced by environmental factors and nutrient content for the microorganisms. In summary, wormcast could be utilized in biological filters in the future in related research beacuse of its good efficiency and low cost.     

电力线路与燃气管道交叉跨越点雷击事故防护研究

针对临近杆塔接地网的管道过电压及防护问题,采用CDEGS仿真计算软件建立电力杆塔接地网及临近燃气管道结构模型,研究杆塔与管道间距、土壤电阻率和接地排流线等因素对管道过电压的影响;并提出通过优化电力杆塔接地网外延射线结构降低管道过电压的改造方案。研究结果表明:管道上的雷击过电压受散流间距、土质条件等因素的影响,并基本呈现线性关系;管道增设排流设施后,过电压减小;接地网外延射线结构改造后管道过电压抑制作用明显。研究结果可为实际燃气管道安全防护及电力设计施工提供理论参考。     

医疗废弃物焚烧挥发性氯含量与热值测试与估算

通过测定上海某医疗废弃物处置公司设定燃烧工况条件下某时间段内烟气中HC l的平均排放速率,估算出上海地区医疗垃圾废物中的可燃烧转化氯含量在2.33%~2.64%左右;通过测定各较小采样时间段(2 m in)的烟气HC l浓度测定发现批次进料造成烟气中HC l浓度近4倍的波动,通过初步的热平衡估算得到医疗废弃物的热值大致在21.8 M J/kg,得到的结果可为我国医疗废弃物的焚烧工艺设计提供基础依据。     

Performance of hybrid vertical up- and downflow subsurface flow constructed wetlands in treating synthetic high-strength wastewater

The performance and temporal variation of hybrid vertical-subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) in response to two-stage combinations of vertical upflow (VUF) and vertical downflow (VDF) were analyzed in this research. The results of high carbon (C) treatment and high nitrogen (N) treatment were similar. The Lythrum salicaria treatment showed higher removal efficiency than CWs planted with Acorus calamus. Under high C- and N-loading treatments, the optimum two-stage combination was VDF-VUF VFCWs planted with A. calamus. Furthermore, the highest nutrient removal efficiencies were achieved in late summer (July and August) and early autumn (September). The chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal efficiencies were significantly affected (P?<?0.05) by season, system, and wetland plant.     

三维电极电化学反应器深度处理焦化废水

为探索焦化废水深度处理新途径,采用了焦粒、活性炭负载Mn（NO3）2和Zn（NO3）2化合物粒子电极为第3极的三维电极反应器对二级生化处理后的焦化废水进行深度处理。考察了焦化废水中有机物去除的影响因素及处理效果,并探讨了有机物的降解动力学。结果表明,以焦粒为载体的粒子电极三维电极系统在pH为6.5,电导率为4 580μS/cm,电流密度为16 mA/cm2,投加量大于25 g/L时,降解20 min,COD去除率超过35%以上。焦化废水的降解的动力学研究表明,焦化废水降解符合表观一级反应动力学规律。该研究可为三维电极反应器在焦化废水深度处理工程应用中提供参数依据。