城市污泥过热蒸汽薄层干燥初始段凝结特性

为了解过热蒸汽干燥初始阶段的凝结特性,在自制的常压过热蒸汽干燥实验台上,进行了2、4、6与10 mm污泥薄层在过热蒸汽温度160、200、240和280℃下干燥初始段的凝结试验,建立了凝结段物料水分比随时间变化的拟合方程。实验结果表明,过热蒸汽薄层干燥初始阶段存在凝结过程,过热蒸汽凝结在物料表面使其质量不降反而增加,导致干燥时间延长;凝结水质量和干燥时间的增幅主要决定于过热蒸汽温度,过热蒸汽温度越高,增幅越小;污泥薄层厚度也会影响凝结水质量和干燥时间的增幅。采用二次方程模型拟合干燥初始段水分比随时间的变化,得到4个样品拟合的决定系数R2值为0.984~0.999,卡方χ2值为5.79×10-6~5.85×10-5,均方根误差RMSE为6.45×10-4~1.77×10-3。     

脉冲弧光放电等离子体水解活性污泥

活性污泥水解对提高污泥的稳定性、缩短厌氧消化时间和增大甲烷产率具有重要意义。研究了脉冲弧光放电等离子体（PADP）水解活性污泥方法,考察水解效果、影响因素和水解后的污泥性状。结果表明：随着峰值电压、频率和电导率的增加,污泥上清液营养物质含量呈增长趋势,溶胞率（R）升高;随着放电时间的增加,R增加,氨氮物质（NH4+-N）先增加后降低,可证明NH4+-N降解率逐渐上升且最终高于其释放率;污泥在14 kV、25 Hz、1 600 μS·cm-1条件下放电150 min,R增加到51.3%,NH4+-N、蛋白质和多糖等有机物大量释放;经过PADP处理,污泥沉降性降低,絮凝体结构改变,含固量和颗粒尺寸降低,污泥生物大量死亡,水解污泥生物由光滑、完整的表面结构变得粗糙、破裂,细胞壁（膜）受损明显,污泥发生水解。     

Historical trends of PCBs and PBDEs as reconstructed in a lake sediment from southern Tibetan Plateau

High-altitude lake sediment can be used as a natural archive to reconstruct the history of pollutants. In this work, the temporal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) were determined using a high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometer(HRGC/HRMS) in an alpine lake sediment core collected from the southern Tibetan Plateau(TP) to examine whether the expected decreasing trends due to the implementation of the ...     

Biodegradation of typical azole fungicides in activated sludge under aerobic conditions

Widespread use of azole fungicides and low removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have led to the elevated concentration of azole fungicides in receiving environment. However, there was limited research about the removal mechanism of azole fungicides in the biological treatment of WWTPs. Imidazole fungicide climbazole and triazole fungicide fluconazole were selected to investigate the biodegradation mechanism of azole fungicides in activated sludge under aerobic conditions. Climbazole was found to be adsorbed to solid sludge and resulted in quick biodegradation. The degradation of climbazole in the aerobic activated sludge system was fitted well by the first-order kinetic model with a half-life of 5.3 days, while fluconazole tended to stay in liquid and had only about 30% of loss within 77 days incubation. Ten biotransformation products of climbazole were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry using suspect and non-target screening method. But no biodegradation products of fluconazole were identified due to its limited removal. The possible biodegradation pathways for climbazole were proposed based on the products identification and pathway prediction system, and involves oxidative dehalogenation, side chain oxidation and azole ring loss. The findings from this study suggest that it should be a concern for the persistence of fluconazole in the environment.     

A study of peroxyacetyl nitrate at a rural site in Beijing based on continuous observations from 2015 to 2019 and the WRF-Chem model

•PAN concentrations at a rural site near Beijing were monitored from 2015 to 2019. •PAN concentrations exhibited high values in spring and low values in winter. •Anomalously southerlies induced extreme high PAN concentration in spring 2018. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is one of the most important photochemical pollutants and has aroused much concern in China in recent decades. However, few studies described the long-term variations in PAN in China. In this study, we continuously monitored the PAN, O₃ and NO_x concentrations at a regional background site near Beijing from August 2015 to February 2019. Based on the observed concentrations and climate data, we analyzed the seasonal PAN variations. The results revealed that the monthly mean PAN concentration ranged from 0.33–2.41 ppb, with an average value of 0.94 ppb. The PAN concentration exhibited a distinct seasonal variation, with high values in spring and low values in winter. After analyzing the corresponding meteorological data, we found that stronger ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a relatively longer lifetime and a higher background PAN concentration contributed to the high PAN concentrations in spring. In addition, with the utilization of the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry) model, the cause of the extremely high PAN concentration in spring 2018 was determined. The model results demonstrated that an anomalously low pressure and the southwesterly winds in northern China might be the main causes of the increased PAN concentration in Beijing and its surrounding area in spring 2018.     

金属氧化物组合改性活性焦脱硝性能的研究

采用浸渍法改性活性焦,实验分析了不同氧化物组合对活性焦改性后的脱硝性能影响。在实验中,用于改性的氧化物分三组:CuO和Fe2O3,CuO和CeO2,CuO和Cr2O3。结果表明:金属氧化物组合改性活性焦的脱硝性能明显高于单一氧化物改性活性焦。在150℃反应温度下,CuO和Fe2O3组合改性活性焦脱硝率为96%。     

Removal of benzotriazole by heterogeneous photoelectro-Fenton like process using ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles as catalyst

ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles(ZFNPs) were developed as catalyst for the degradation of benzotriazole(BTA) by heterogeneous photoelectroFenton(PE-Fenton) like process.ZFNPs were prepared by a co-precipitation process and then characterized with transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and BET surface area.Using such ZFNPs as catalyst,the degradation of BTA was investigated.Due to the high catalytic activity of ZFNPs,PE-Fenton like process showed efficient degradation of BTA.The influencing factors such as pH,dosage of ZFNPs,applied potential and initial concentration of BTA were systematically investigated.Under the optimum conditions,91.2% of BTA was removed after 180 min treatment.     

平原河网型水源地水质改善的实践和思考——以嘉兴市石臼漾人工生态湿地工程为例

嘉兴市作为典型的平原河网地区,为解决河网型水源地水质微污染问题,探索建设石臼漾水厂水源人工生态湿地工程,成功改善了水源水质,保障了嘉兴市城乡居民饮用水安全,为平原河网地区采用人工湿地处理饮用水源提供经验。     

贵州找水工程高氟地下水分布特征及成因分析

通过对贵州省2007~2012年找水工程中所钻1 023口机井的水质资料收集分析可知:有34口机井的氟含量超标(1.02~3.72 mg/L)。本文以这34口机井为研究对象,从地理位置、地形地貌、地层岩性、涌水量、地下水类型等方面分析机井高氟地下水分布特征,并对其成因进行探讨,重点分析其水化学特征,对F-与其他组分进行相关性分析表明:其大致表现出F--Ca2+、F--SO42-、F--(总硬度-总碱度)、F--Ca2+/(K++Na+)彼此的正相关关系,与pH有关,而与其他离子的关系不明显。