The significance of choroid plexus cysts in fetuses at 18–20 weeks. An indication for amniocentesis?

Over a period of 25 months, all antenatal patients were offered a detailed ultrasound scan at 18–20 weeks' gestation. The lateral cerebral ventricles were scanned for the presence of choroid plexus cysts. Fifty-one patients found to have choroid plexus cysts were offered amniocentesis to exclude chromosomal abnormalities. One pregnancy, in which the only abnormality found was bilateral choroid plexus cysts, was terminated after trisomy 18 was detected on amniocentesis at 19 weeks. The other 50 pregnancies had normal fetal outcomes. The significance of the isolated finding of choroid plexus cysts is reviewed.     

宝山高速公路路域草本植物选择

以宝山高速公路路域为实验点，从草本植物的生物习性和公路路域的特点出发筛选适于该地区及周边地区公路路域的草本植物，方法包括野生植物的调查筛选，外来物种的引进和筛选，经过2年的实施，筛选出若干适于宝山公路及华大部分地区公路路域的草本植物。     

城市污水厂污泥间壁热干燥过程实验研究

分析污水厂污泥间壁热干燥过程的影响因素 ,并确定过程的关键设计参数。研究以间隔实验为基本手段 ,并进行了污泥间壁热干燥过程数学模型的推导。认为 :壁温和泥层厚度是过程的主要影响因素 ,由实验数据确定的过程比总传热系数 K是设计的关键参数 ,在适宜条件 :壁温 16 0℃ ,泥层厚度 1.0 cm时 ,其值为 6 5 .6 (k J/ m2·℃· h)     

微生物处理生物难降解有机物的进展

综述了国内外研究较多的几种生物难降解污染物微生物处理技术的进展和这些微生物的分离培养以及用遗传与基因工程技术创建高效菌株的研究。     

特种生物标志物作为溢油指示物（或指标）的研究

用毛细管GC－MS对不同水环境中不同油类的特种生物标志物进行检测，结果表明，异戊二烯烷烃类姥鲛烷与植烷的比值在两个多月的风化过程中不受风化的影响；萜烷和甾烷的某些比值参数在一年的风化过程中（或室内自然放置4年）不受风化的影响。姥鲛烷与植烷的比值可以作为风化两个多月的溢油指示物（或指标）；萜烷和甾烷比值可以作为风化一年（或室内自然放置4年）的溢油指示物（或指标）。     

前置库在滇池非点污染源控制中的应用研究

本文对前置库控制滇池富营养化的非点源负荷进行了典型研究，结果表明：仅需投资３８６万元对明通河，宝象河流域现有水库，水塘和洼地进行改造，即可建设总有效库容为１３３．３万立方米的三个前置库，每年可拦截总磷１１～１９吨，总氮９６～１６０吨，悬浮物１５００００吨，拦截的地表污水还可灌溉周围的农田９０００多亩，具有较高的经济和环境效益。     

MnCeOx/diatomite catalyst for persulfate activation to degrade organic pollutants

Persulfate(PS)-based oxidation technologies are attracting increasing attentions in water treatment due to their high efficiency and stability.In this study,a novel diatomite supported MnCeO_x composite(MnCeO_x/diatomite) was prepared and characterized for activation of PS to degrade organic pollutants.Results indicated that diatomite not only dispersed MnCeO_x and increased the specific surface area of catalyst,but also improved the low-valence metal site(Mn~(2+)and Ce~(3+)) and reactive oxygen species site(-OH) of MnCeO_x,thus enhancing the activities of MnCeO_x.MnCeO_x/diatomite/PS showed high efficiency for multiple dyes and pharmaceutical pollutants.Constant rate(k) of MnCeO_x/diatomite(k_(MnCeOx/diatomite)) was three times higher than the sum of constant rate of MnCeOx(k_(MnCeO_x))and constant rate of diatomite(k_(diatomite)).In addition,MnCeO_x/diatomite showed wide pH application(5-9).Cl~- and NO_3~(2-) had no effect while SO_4~(2-) and humid acid had slightly negative effects on MnCeOx/diatomite/PS system.Moreover,MnCeOx/diatomite showed good reusability and stability.Mechanism analyses indicated that electron transfer of Mn and Ce attributed to the activation of PS and oxygen to produce free radicals.SO_4·~-,·OH and O_2·~-on the surface of catalyst were the main active free radicals to attack pollutants.     

Ce-based catalysts used in advanced oxidation processes for organic wastewater treatment: A review

Refractory organic pollutants in water threaten human health and environmental safety, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective for the degradation of these pollutants. Catalysts play vital role in AOPs, and Ce-based catalysts have exhibited excellent performance. Recently, the development and application of Ce-based catalysts in various AOPs have been reported. Our study conducts the first review in this rapid growing field. This paper clarifies the variety and properties of Ce-based catalysts. Their applications in different AOP systems (catalytic ozonation, photodegradation, Fenton-like reactions, sulfate radical-based AOPs, and catalytic sonochemistry) are discussed. Different Ce-based catalysts suit different reaction systems and produce different active radicals. Finally, future research directions of Ce-based catalysts in AOP systems are suggested.     

作物重金属铜污染的HHT边际谱特征与污染预测模型

为了解读作物受重金属污染的光谱响应与光谱特征,以不同浓度梯度硫酸铜（CuSO₄·5H₂O）胁迫土壤的盆栽玉米培养胁迫实验为研究对象,依据不同胁迫梯度下玉米叶片反射光谱以及叶片中Cu²⁺含量的测定数据,采用希尔伯特-黄变换（HHT）方法,研究了玉米叶片在不同Cu²⁺胁迫梯度下光谱的Hilbert边际谱变化特征与污染程度预测方法.通过构建玉米叶片光谱的边际谱熵（MSE）,边际谱幅值（MSA）、边际谱陡坡斜率（MSSS）和边际谱包围面积（MSEA）等特征参量,分析叶片在不同Cu²⁺污染程度下的边际谱变化;同时基于边际谱特征参量值与叶片中Cu²⁺含量的相关性分析和逐步回归统计,提出了玉米叶片重金属污染的Cu²⁺含量预测指数模型.实验结果表明,不同Cu²⁺胁迫梯度下,玉米叶片光谱的边际谱为分布在100Hz频率以内的连续谱;MSE值表现出与叶片中Cu²⁺含量呈负相关的变化趋势,而MSA、MSSS和MSEA值都表现出与叶片中Cu²⁺含量呈正相关的变化趋势;由于MSEA值与叶片中Cu²⁺含量的相关性最好,可把MSEA作为监测作物重金属污染衡量或预测的最优指标;根据MSE、MSA、MSSS和MSEA值构建的Cu²⁺含量预计指数模型应用结果比较,证明MSEA指数模型具有最优的预测能力.     

Adsorption of VOCs on reduced graphene oxide

A modified Hummer's method was adopted for the synthesis of graphene oxide(GO) and reduced graphene oxide(rGO). It was revealed that the modified method is effective for the production of GO and rGO from graphite. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) images of GO and rGO showed a sheet-like morphology. Because of the presence of oxygenated functional groups on the carbon surface, the interlayer spacing of the prepared GO was higher than that of rGO. The presence of \OH and C_O groups in the Fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR) spectrum and G-mode and 2D-mode in Raman spectra confirmed the synthesis of GO and rGO. rGO(292.6 m~2/g) showed higher surface area than that of GO(236.4 m~2/g). The prepared rGO was used as an adsorbent for benzene and toluene(model pollutants of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)) under dynamic adsorption/desorption conditions. rGO showed higher adsorption capacity and breakthrough times than GO. The adsorption capacity of rGO for benzene and toluene was 276.4 and 304.4 mg/g, respectively.Desorption experiments showed that the spent rGO can be successfully regenerated by heating at 150.0°C. Its excellent adsorption/desorption performance for benzene and toluene makes rGO a potential adsorbent for VOC adsorption.