江西省矿产资源开发与环境保护

江西省矿产资源丰富,其开发利用有了很大发展,建成了具有一定生产规模和技术水平的有色金属、黑色金属、化工、建材、盐业、稀土稀有金属、煤炭等矿业体系.当前,由于多种因素的影响,导致矿山开采环境不断恶化,矿山地质灾害问题日趋严重,造成人员伤亡、环境破坏、矿产资源严重浪费.因此,我们应遵循"矿产资源开发利用与生态环境保护并重,预防为主与防治结合"的方针和"谁开发谁保护、谁污染谁治理、谁破坏谁恢复"的原则,强化矿山生态环境保护和恢复治理,走一条资源开发与环境保护相协调的矿业发展道路.     

重锤式防碰天车装置改进设计

我国石油矿场普遍使用重锤式防碰天车装置，针对其使用过程中存在的问题，经改进设计后，生产出结构简单而新颖的双重锤式防碰天车装置。经现场试验表明，该装置具有刹车灵敏、安全、可靠性高、寿命长、限位调整方便、制造成本低和技术经济效益和社会效益显著等优点，深受现场使用者的欢迎     

资源利用最优化的经济学探讨

本文假设资源作为可持续发展巨系统的一个子系统,其运行目的是经济效益最佳,从经济学角度提出了求资源最优利用水平的方法     

Effect of formulation on the behavior of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil

The fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) has been identified as a partial replacement for methyl bromide (CH3Br) in soil fumigation. 1,3-Dichloropropene is formulated for soil fumigation as Telone II (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) for shank application and as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) (Telone EC or InLine; Dow AgroSciences) for drip application. This study investigated the effect of formulation on the phase partitioning, transformation rate, and volatilization of 1,3-D isomers. Air-water partitioning coefficients (K(H)) were slightly higher for Telone II than for Telone EC, presumably due to the higher apparent water solubility of the EC formulation. Sorption of 1,3-D isomers in two soils was not affected by formulation. Formulation had no significant effect on the rate of 1,3-D transformation in water or soil. In general, differences in the rate of 1,3-D transformation and phase partitioning due to formulation as Telone II or Telone EC were very small. Thus, the effect of formulation on 1,3-D fate may be ignored in transformation and phase partition of 1,3-D in water and soil. Packed soil columns without plastic tarp indicated that with relatively shallow subsurface (10 cm) drip application of Telone EC, emission of 1,3-D isomers was more rapid and produced greater maximum instantaneous flux than deeper (30 cm) shank injection of Telone II. Both application methods resulted in the same cumulative emissions for both isomers, 45% for (E)-1,3-D and approximately 50% for (Z)-1,3-D. These results suggest that for drip application of fumigants to be effective in reducing emissions, the fumigant must be applied at sufficient depths to prevent rapid volatilization from the soil surface if the water application rate does not sufficiently restrict vapor diffusion.     

双头犁式拉练皮带小车防尘改造

炼铁厂原料皮带机的防尘一直难以解决。原先采用的Ⅱ型皮带结构在使用中仍出现诸多问题。因此对Ⅱ型皮带结构进行二次改进，增设了双头犁式拉练皮带小车，取得了良好的环保效益和经济效益。     

ERRORS IN ESTIMATED STREAMFLOW PARAMETERS AND STORAGES FOR UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS1

ABSTRACT: For a set of 81 catchments in southeast Victoria, Australia, predictive equations were developed by least squares regression of the mean and coefficient of variation of annual Streamflow against a variety of rainfall and physiographic parameters. The data were also divided into subsets according to catchment size, subregion, or record length of investigate if the relationships differed significantly between subsets. Only the catchment area and some rainfall statistical parameters were found to be significant. Streamflow parameters predicted by the regression equations were used to estimate storage requirements in ungauged catchments. The influence of errors in the Streamflow parameters on the storage error was examined.     

氧化沟流场的计算流体力学数值模型研究

该研究发展了氧化沟计算流体力学模型。采用三维标准k-ε湍流计算流体力学模型对全尺度氧化沟进行了数值模拟和试验验证,并用动量源项方法描述倒伞曝气机对氧化沟中流体的驱动作用,试验结果和模拟计算间良好的一致性证明了模型的合理性。模拟和试验均发现大量低流速区域的存在,尤其是表面曝气机下部靠近沟底的区域,有必要改善氧化沟的水力学性能。同时,对网格独立性进行了验证,比较了不同湍流模型的计算结果。     

倒置A^2／O工艺出水指标预测和评价方法的研究

研究了用一种简单的静态物理模型取代复杂的数学动态模型,实现对实际污水处理效果的实时预测及评价的方法。应用国际水协（IWA）GPS-X模拟软件中的ASM2d模型,建立了不同进水水质和不同运行参数条件下倒置A^2／O工艺出水TSS、COD、TN、NH4^＋-N、TP和溶解性磷酸盐浓度的数据库,结果表明,该数据库可以对倒置A^2／O工艺出水指标进行预测。以预测的出水指标和实际出水指标之间的差值为指标因素,采用专家打分法确定指标权重,通过对指标的分级界定建立因素指标的隶属函数,最后运用模糊综合评判的方法实现了对倒置A^2／O工艺处理效果的评价,建立了倒置A^2／O工艺处理效果的数学模型。     

医用玻璃及医疗垃圾灰渣的结渣特性研究

医疗垃圾的特性和成分是改善焚烧装置设计、运行及控制性能的重要参数.为了研究医用玻璃对医疗垃圾焚烧炉的影响,从医疗废物处置中心采集了玻璃和灰渣样品,分析了其化学组分和熔融温度.与煤灰成分相比,医用玻璃中的SiO2和碱金属氧化物含量较高.通过不同玻璃间的比较,总结了化学组分对熔融温度的影响.软化温度随着SiO2、CaO含量的增加而升高,但随B2O3、Na2O含量的增加而迅速降低.改变不同玻璃的混合比例.研究了混合玻璃的熔融特性.利用煤灰结渣指数对医疗垃圾灰渣的结渣倾向进行了判定.结果显示,仅沾污指数能够对灰渣得出适宜的判别.     

太湖重点水域背角无齿蚌中汞的残留

选定2003-2004年间采自外太湖无锡三山岛、常州雪堰,宜兴大浦．浙江湖州．无锡华庄的背角无齿蚌（Anodonta woodiana）对象。利用NIC汞分析仪（MA-2000型）测定了其汞的残留浓度。结果发现,100％的蚌样能够明显检出汞残留。且点间差异明显;汞在背角无齿蚌中的浓度平均值为0．093mg／kg（干重）;浓度范围分别为0．002-0．293mg／kg（干重）。另外,与附近水域沉积物的汞含量比较,两者趋于一致。进一步证明了背角无齿蚌作为生物指示物用于监测淡水环境下重金属汞污染的可适性。蚌体内汞的残留水平均未超过国家相关的食品卫生（GB2762-1994）和行标（NY5073-2001）等限量标准。