植物对酞酸酯的敏感性

采用发芽试验和温室盆试验等方法，研究了酞酸酯（ＤＢＰ、ＤＥＨＰ）对番茄等１２种蔬菜以及水稻、小麦和油菜的影响。结果表明：酞酸酯（１０ｍｇ／１）对种子发芽率无明显影响，但对幼苗形态特征有一定作用。电镜观察表明：受害叶片叶绿体数量减少、结构改变。初步讨论了酞酸酯的理化性质与作物受害的关系，划分了蔬菜对酞酸酯的敏感性顺序。     

1,2—缩水—3,4—二—O—苄基—6—脱氧—β—L—塔罗吡喃糖的合成

以Ｌ－鼠李糖为原料，首先合成６－脱氧塔罗糖的生物（５），再经过一系列反应得到２－Ｏ－乙酰基－３，４－二Ｏ－苄基－６－脱氧α－Ｌ－塔罗吡喃糖氯代物（９），在下醇钾的作用下，化合物９很容易关环得到最终产物１，２－内醚糖。     

大气中多环芳烃(PAHs)在松针和SPMD上的分布

通过松针监测与半渗透膜被动式采样技术 (SPMD ) ,分析了我国珠江三角洲地区大气中多环芳烃的含量特征、来源及其分布 ,同时对这两种被动式采样技术进行了比较 松针及SPMD主要富集气态多环芳烃 (2— 4环 ) ,气态多环芳烃在松针和SPMD样品中的总含量分别为 313 9— 30 4 3 5ng·g-1和 14 5—116 9ng·SPMD-1·d-1 大气中多环芳烃含量的区域差异明显 ,珠江三角洲中部地区 (广州、佛山和东莞 )大气中多环芳烃的含量高 ,沿海地区的珠海、香港偏低 ,分子标志物指数表明 ,珠江三角洲大气中的多环芳烃主要是热成因 (燃烧 )来源 松针和SPMD对气态多环芳烃的监测具有很好的一致性 ,是进行区域大气污染评价的良好生物指示物     

红豆杉培养细胞紫杉醇的分离及鉴定

红豆杉培养细胞紫杉醇的分离及鉴定甘烦远，郑光植，彭丽萍，沈月毛（中国科学院昆明植物研究所昆明６５０２０４）关键词红豆杉；紫杉醇；细胞培养；分离鉴定ＩＳＯＬＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＤＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＡＸＯＬＦＲＯＭＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＤＣＥＬＬＳＯＦ...     

Effect of soil properties on degradation and sorption of methyl bromide in soil

Methyl bromide (CH₃Br) is currently the most widely used soil fumigant, and its emission into the atmosphere after application reportedly contributes to ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Irreversible degradation and partially reversible sorption reactions affect the quantity of this furnigant reaching the soil surface and escaping into the atmosphere. Incubation studies in closed headspace vials under controlled conditions showed that degradation of CH₃Br was highly dependent on soil organic matter content, and to a lesser extent, on the moisture level in the soil. Methylation of CH₃Br on organic matter was suggested to be the major reaction that CH₃Br undergoes in the soil environment. Other soil constituents such as clay did not contribute to the degradation under moist or air-dried conditions, though enhanced degradation was observed on oven-dried montmorillonite and kaolinite clays. Within soil profiles, degradation of CH₃Br decreased with soil depth mainly due to the reduction of soil organic matter content with depth. In both Greenfield and Wasco sandy loams, the degradation rate of CH₃Br in soil layers from 0 to 270 cm could be estimated from soil organic matter content. Sorption of CH₃Br on moist soils was generally limited, and varied with soil depth. The degree of sorption could be predicted from soil moisture alone or soil moisture and organic matter content.     

Dynamics of fipronil residue in vegetable-field ecosystem

Fipronil insecticide has been widely used to control vegetable pests in China recently. The research was conducted to evaluate the fate of fipronil in vegetable-field ecosystem and provide the scientific basis of using this insecticide. Developed on the analytical methods of fipronil residue and its four metabolisms, the degradation dynamics of their residue in a vegetable and the soil of the vegetable fields was studied. The results showed that (1) degradation of fipronil was faster in pakchoi (half-life 2.6 days) than in soil (half-life 7.3 days); (2) degradation reaction occurred in soil was governed mainly by photodegradation and oxidization accompanying with production of the metabolites, MB46513 and MB46136. Reduction and hydrolyzation played little role in the degradation process. In pakchoi, degradation was mainly contributed by reduction though oxidization and hydrolyzation occurred simultaneously. The metabolite products were MB45950, MB46136 and RPA200766; (3) the final residue in pakchoi was at a level of 0.003 mg kg⁻¹, which was much lower than the USA’s upper limit of 0.04 mg kg⁻¹ in rice. Therefore, a dosage of 24 g hm⁻² was suggested and considered as safe to human beings and animals.     

多孔碳表面自养硝化生物膜的培养及其性能研究

在pH值7.5～7.8、温度28℃、DO≥3mg/L的条件下,分别以NaNO2和K2HPO4为氮源和磷源,按N∶P=50∶1的比例混合,对自养硝化菌进行液相培养并在一种新型材料多孔碳的表面挂膜,进而对其特征、性能等进行了研究。实验得到了稳定的自养硝化生物膜;当NO-2浓度为206.82mg/L时,生物膜的稳定硝化速率可达260mg/L·d;经鉴定,硝化速率最高的N20菌株属硝化杆菌属(Nitrobactersp.)。     

土壤中元素磷的地球化学

土壤磷素包括无机磷和有机磷。由于生物有效性的不同 ,无机磷和有机磷又可分为各种形态的无机磷和有机磷组分。土壤磷素的生物地球化学行为受多种因素的影响。为此本文概述了土壤中元素磷的地球化学行为及其影响因素。     

优化AAS工作条件测定尿液中的钙

介绍一种新的无模型体系的优化方法并将该法，用于原子吸收光谱法测定尿液中的钙，实验结果令人满意。     

云南哀牢山大气降雨过程中养分输入及输出变化的初步研究

本文以滇西南中山湿性常绿阔叶林为研究对象,分析了大气降雨对该森林生态系统养分输入和输出的影响。结果表明,该地区在大气降雨过程中养分输入：Ｎ以大气降雨为主；Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ以穿透雨为主,它们分别占总输入量的６９．８５％、７７．３３％、９８．１９％和８０．４０％；Ｃａ养分输入,大气降雨和穿透雨约各占总输入量的一半,分别是４５．３５％和５４．３８％。养分输出以地下土壤渗漏为主,Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ分别占总输出量的９６．５２％、８６．７９％、６９．１３％、９８．１７％和９７．２１％。在养分循环中Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ分别增加了１５．９４１ｋｇ／ｈａ．ａ、０．３５３ｋｇ／ｈａ,ａ、３．８３ｋｇ／ｈａ．ａ和１．２６４ｋｇ／ｈａ．ａ．,而Ｍｇ则减少了０．６５４ｋｇ／ｈａ．ａ。