不同利用方式土壤中磷的吸附与解吸特性

研究不同利用方式土壤对磷的吸附解吸特性及其影响因素。采用室内恒温培养法研究了湖南典型土壤(红壤、潮土和紫色土)的不同利用方式(旱地、水田)土壤对P的吸附和解吸过程。土壤对磷的吸附解吸过程是分阶段进行的,用Langmuir方程拟合程度比Freundlich方程高,相关系数均在0.90(P<0.05)以上;从最大吸附量(Qm)、吸附反应常数(K)和最大缓冲容量(MBC)3项吸附参数综合考虑,旱地对P的吸附无论在强度还是容量方面均大于同母质的水田土壤;解吸率随着吸附量的增加而增大,其大小为旱地<水田。Qm与<0.002 mm粘粒及无定形铁含量呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.95和0.94(P<0.05)。不同利用方式土壤P吸附解吸特性差别较大,针对不同土壤应采取不同的磷素管理措施以实现作物增产和保护环境的双重效益。     

一株降解纤维素梭形芽胞杆菌的筛选与鉴定

从肥沃的土壤中经过分离获得14株降解纤维素的细菌,以菌株在纤维素刚果红平板中溶菌圈直径与菌落直径的比值为依据进行筛选,获得一株比值为4.5的菌株,编号为X62。采用DNS法对影响该菌产生纤维素酶活力的单因素进行了分析,并通过对其进行形态特征、生理生化特征测定以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定X62为梭形芽胞杆菌（Lysinibacillus fusiformis）,将其命名为Lysinibacillus fusiformis X62。X62的16S rRNA序列GenBank登录号为JX198550。     

浅谈化学污染事故环境风险管理

通过了解国内外化学污染事故的现状,分析了化学污染事故的严重性及其特征,结合我国现有的环境风险管理状况,探讨了化学污染事故环境风险管理的途径。     

高氮渗滤液短程生物脱氮反硝化动力学研究

采用UASB-SBR组合工艺处理实际垃圾渗滤液,在获得稳定短程生物脱氮的前提下,通过批次实验,研究SBR系统内短程生物脱氮污泥的反硝化特性.本实验通过设定不同的NO2-浓度和pH梯度获得不同FNA浓度考察其对反硝化菌的抑制影响.实验结果表明,恒定pH下,以NO2-作为电子受体时,比反硝化速率与初始NO2-浓度符合And...     

Periodically hydrologic alterations decouple the relationships between physicochemical variables and chlorophyll-a in a dam-induced urban lake

Periodically hydrologic alterations driven by seasonal change and water storage capacity management strongly modify physicochemical properties and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and their interactions in dam-induced lakes. However, the extent and magnitude of these changes still remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of periodically hydrologic alterations on physicochemical variables and Chl-a in the dam-induced urban Hanfeng Lake, upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir. Shifts in Chl-a and 13 physicochemical variables were recorded monthly in the lake from January 2013 to December 2014. Chl-a was neither seasonal nor inter-annual differences while a few physical variables such as flow velocity (V) exhibited significantly seasonal variabilities, and chemical variables like total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved silica (DSi) were markedly inter-annual differences. Higher TN:TP (40:1) and lower NO₃-N:DSi (0.8:1) relative to balanced stoichiometric ratios suggested changes in composition of phytoplankton communities and potentially increased proportion of diatom in Hanfeng Lake. Chl-a was predicable by combination of dissolved oxygen (DO), TN and DSi in dry season, and by V alone in wet season. During the whole study period, Chl-a was solely negatively correlated with TN:TP, indicating decline in N concentration and increase in P could therefore increase Chl-a. Our results highlight pronounced decoupling of linkages between Chl-a and physicochemical variables affected by periodically hydrologic alterations in dam-induced aquatic systems.     

海带工业废弃物综合利用现状和展望

本文综述了我国海带工业利用及其废弃物利用的现状,重点分析了海带渣作为罗非鱼饲料成分的利用价值,对褐藻胶过滤废渣和甘露醇废液中钾盐的利用前景进行了展望。     

Wind energy technology development and diffusion: a case study of Inner Mongolia, China

This article reviews the spread of small household wind generators and the development of wind farms in Inner Mongolia, China with emphasis on policy and institutional perspectives. It analyzes the patterns of wind technology dissemination within social, economic, and environmental contexts. It also discusses international investment and technology transfer relating to wind energy technology. The economics of windfarm development are examined and the role of alternative policy instruments analyzed. Major constraints to wind technology development are identified and relevant policy recommendations suggested.     

水源水、饮用水中氯仿、四氯化碳含量与微核率相关性研究

为了解并改善饮用水质,在1991年第4季度至1993年第1季度,于某市水源水和水厂出厂水中采水样,每季度采集1次,每站位同时取两份,一份测定卤代烃的含量,一份用于处理蚕豆根尖并计数根尖细胞微核率。结果表明水厂出厂水中卤代烃含量比水源水的高,尤其是四氯化碳,各水厂出厂水中卤代烃的含量也有明显差异。发现水源水、水厂出厂水中四氯化碳含量与致突变有明显的相关性。     

利用耗氧速率判断好氧堆肥腐熟度的探讨

在试验的基础上分析了利用耗氧速率判断堆肥腐熟度的可行性 .试验中堆肥高温阶段持续 6d以上 ,达到国家《粪便无害化卫生标准 (GB795 9 87)》的要求 .堆肥过程中铵态氮含量下降、硝态氮含量上升 ,1 1d后 ,堆肥DOC含量为 0 5 %左右 ,种子相对发芽率达到 80 %以上 ,表明堆肥达到腐熟 .升温阶段前期 ,耗氧速率呈迅速增加的趋势 ;升温阶段后期和高温阶段前期 ,耗氧速率维持相对稳定 ,高温阶段中期、末期耗氧速率开始下降 .相对发芽率验证表明 ,在堆肥高温阶段末期 ,耗氧速率下降到 1 0 0 μL·L-1 ·s-1 以下 ,此指标可以作为堆肥腐熟的标志 .以耗氧速率代替传统的测量堆肥的理化、生物指标来判断堆肥腐熟度不需要采样、分析等复杂手续 ,将以往的需要几天才能获得腐熟状况变为实时、在线监测 ,对堆肥技术的实际推广具有重要意义