Identification of close relationship between atmospheric oxidation and ozone formation regimes in a photochemically active region

Understanding ozone (O₃) formation regime is a prerequisite in formulating an effective O₃ pollution control strategy. Photochemical indicator is a simple and direct method in identifying O₃ formation regimes. Most used indicators are derived from observations, whereas the role of atmospheric oxidation is not in consideration, which is the core driver of O₃ formation. Thus, it may impact accuracy in signaling O₃ formation regimes. In this study, an advanced three-dimensional numerical modeling system was used to investigate the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and O₃ formation regimes during a long-lasting O₃ exceedance event in September 2017 over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China. We discovered a clear relationship between atmospheric oxidative capacity and O₃ formation regime. Over eastern PRD, O₃ formation was mainly in a NO_x-limited regime when HO₂/OH ratio was higher than 11, while in a VOC-limited regime when the ratio was lower than 9.5. Over central and western PRD, an HO₂/OH ratio higher than 5 and lower than 2 was indicative of NO_x-limited and VOC-limited regime, respectively. Physical contribution, including horizontal transport and vertical transport, may pose uncertainties on the indication of O₃ formation regime by HO₂/OH ratio. In comparison with other commonly used photochemical indicators, HO₂/OH ratio had the best performance in differentiating O₃ formation regimes. This study highlighted the necessities in using an atmospheric oxidative capacity-based indicator to infer O₃ formation regime, and underscored the importance of characterizing behaviors of radicals to gain insight in atmospheric processes leading to O₃ pollution over a photochemically active region.     

不同流域水陆过渡带氮磷有效态的特征对比及环境意义

为了解不同流域水陆过渡带氮磷的分布特征及其环境意义,对闽江上游、太湖西部和洪泽湖西部这3个研究区土壤及沉积物氮磷的总量和有效态特征进行了研究,分析了自然环境与人类活动方式对区域环境差异的影响.结果 表明,太湖西部研究区土壤氮磷总量均高于其他两个流域,洪泽湖西部研究区沉积物氮磷含量均高于土壤.研究区有效态氮磷的分布趋势整...     

飞灰对废弃物焚烧过程中二恶英的抑制和捕获作用研究

通过工程试验和分析测试,分别对城市生活垃圾和医疗废弃物焚烧过程中高温烟气段和低温烟气段飞灰对二恶英的抑制和捕获作用进行了初步的研究。研究表明:适当增加锅炉灰循环量对于二恶英的再合成能起到抑制作用,飞灰中金属氧化物介质可能存在着催化和阻止的双重竞争机制;添加飞灰对于吸附医疗废物焚烧尾气中的二恶英所起作用不明显,但飞灰对燃烧残炭的吸附作用非常明显。     

酸性高氟废水处理试验研究

对某化工厂高氟酸性废水经过试验后，采用二级石灰－氯化钙沉淀絮凝法处理，出水的氟浓度达到了国家规定的一级排放标准，且系统运行稳定，工艺简便，易于施工和运行管理。     

烧结砖生产中氟的逸出及钙基废渣固氟特性研究

砖坯烧制过程中，氟逸出的初始温度约为600℃，大部分氟在约800℃至砖坯发生明显烧结的温度内逸出，以CaO含量高的粘土原料制砖，氟逸出量相对较少。在此基础上，提出在制砖原料中添加适量钙基废渣抑制氟的逸出，并进行了详细的实验室和工业性试验；结果表明，在适宜添加量下，存氟率由约25％增至70％以下，且不影响砖制品质量。     

高效原油降解菌处理油田采出水

利用油田采用废水中原有微生物种群分离驯化出的高效原油降解菌，通过单一菌种高效原油降解菌降解性能实验，高效混合菌正交实验，最佳组合菌株的连续生物处理油田采出水实验，都取得了处理低浓度含油废水的良好效果。这表明在常规物理，化学法处理油田采出水的基础上，利用生物再空度处理是可行的。     

江苏省一次典型沙尘污染过程分析

2021年4月16日至4月18日江苏省经历了一次受沙尘影响的重污染过程.本次过程沙源地为蒙古国中南部及中国内蒙古中西部地区,在蒙古气旋后部西北大风影响下,沙尘气团自西北向东南影响了中国多个省市和地区.江苏省自16日起逐渐受到沙尘过程影响,苏北城市ρ(PM10)从凌晨开始迅速升高,浓度最高达569μg/m3,空气质量达严...     

Utilizing surfactants to control the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil-water system

An integrative technology including the surfactant enhanced sorption and subsequentdesorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene in the soil-water system was introduced and tested. For slightly contaminated agricultural soils, cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant- enhanced sorption of organic contaminants onto soils could reduce their transfer to plants, therefore safe-guarding agricultural production. After planting, residual surfactants combined with added nonionic surfactant could also promote thedesorption and biodegradation of residual phenanthrene, thus providing a cost-effective pollution remediation technology.0ur results showed that the cationic-nonionic mixed surfactantsdodecylpyridinium bromide (DDPB) and Triton X-100 (TX100) significantly enhanced soil retention of phenanthrene. The maximum sorption coefficient Kd* of phenanthrene for contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants was about24.5 times that of soils without surfactant (Kd ) and higher than the combined effects of DDPB and TX100 individually, which was about 16.7 and 1.5 times Kd , respectively.0n the other hand, TX100 could effectively remove phenanthrene from contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants, improving the bioavailability of organic pollutants. Thedesorption rates of phenanthrene from these treated soils were greater than 85% with TX100 concentration above2000 mg/L and approached 100% with increasing TX100 concentration. The biodegradation rates of phenanthrene in the presence of surfactants reached over 95% in30days. The mixed surfactants promoted the biodegradation of phenanthrene to some extent in 10-22days, and had no obvious impact on phenanthrene biodegradation at the end of the experiment. Results obtained from this study provide some insight for the production of safe agricultural products and a remediation scheme for soils slightly contaminated with organic pollutants.