1株海洋异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性

以海水为基质,采用传统的微生物分离纯化方法,从海底沉积物中分离筛选得到1株耐盐异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌y5,经形态、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌为克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.).对其脱氮特性及影响因素进行了研究,结果表明,菌株y5的最佳碳源为柠檬酸三钠,最适p H值为7.0,最适C/N为17.菌株均能以NH4Cl、Na NO2和KNO3为唯一氮源进行反应,36 h的去除率分别为77.07%、64.14%和100%.3种氮源共存时,36 h的去除率达到100%.表明菌株y5在高盐废水中具有独立高效的异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用.     

Hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments and paddy soils from Liaohe River Basin, China: Levels, distribution and mass inventory

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) are two kinds of brominated flame retardants and widely present in the environment and biota. The levels,spatial distributions and mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA were investigated in sediments and paddy soils from the Liaohe River Basin in northeast China. The concentrations of ΣHBCD and TBBPA were in the range of not detected(nd) to 4.02 ng/g dry weight(dw) and 0.03 to 4.06 ng/g dw, respectively. γ-HBCD was dominated in sediments,while the abundance of α-HBCD was relatively high in paddy soils. The spatial distributions of HBCD and TBBPA in surface sediments and paddy soils indicated that the local point-input was their major source. The significant correlation between total organic carbon(TOC) contents and the HBCD levels suggested that TOC content also exerted an influence on the distribution of HBCD in sediments. Meanwhile, it was found that the irrigation with river water was not the major transportation pathway of HBCD and TBBPA in paddy soils. Based on the study, it was estimated that there were about 1.67 tons HBCD and 2.20 tons TBBPA deposited into sediments of the Liaohe River system every year. The total mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA in sediments were far higher than that in paddy soils.     

Screening and degrading characteristics and community structure of a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium from contaminated soil

Inoculation with effcient microbes had been proved to be the most important way for the bioremediation of polluted environments. For the treatment of abandoned site of Beijing Coking Chemical Plant contaminated with high level of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs) ,a bacterial consortium capable of degrading HMW-PAHs,designated 1-18-1,was enriched and screened from HMW-PAHs contaminated soil.Its degrading ability was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) ,and the community structure was investigated by construction and analyses of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries(A,B and F) at different transfers.The results indicated that 1-18-1 was able to utilize pyrene,fluoranthene and benzoapyrene as sole carbon and energy source for growth.The degradation rate of pyrene and fluoranthene reached 82.8%and 96.2%after incubation for 8 days at 30°C,respectively;while the degradation rate of benzoapyrene was only 65.1%after incubation for 28 days at 30°C. Totally,108,100 and 100 valid clones were randomly selected and sequenced from the libraries A,B,and F.Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the clones could be divided into 5 groups,Bacteroidetes,α-Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,β-Proteobacteria andγ-Proteobacteria.Sequence similarity analyses showed total 39 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) in the libraries.The predominant bacterial groups wereα-Proteobacteria(19 OTUs,48.7%) ,γ-Proteobacteria(9 OTUs,23.1%) andβ-Proteobacteria(8 OTUs,20.5%) . During the transfer process,the proportions ofα-Proteobacteria andβ-Proteobacteria increased greatly(from 47%to 93%) ,while γ-Proteobacteria decreased from 32%(library A) to 6%(library F) ;and Bacteroidetes group disappeared in libraries B and F.     

中国近海沉积物在生源要素循环中的功能

中国近海沉积物中生源要素的含量与其粒度、河流输入等诸多因素有关。一般沉积物粒度由粗到细 ,有机质含量由低到高 ,OC ,N ,P的含量递增 ,S和Si含量递减。沉积物的生物地球化学环境涉及到Eh ,pH ,温度 ,OC含量 ,Fe3 /Fe2 值 ,水动力条件 ,沉积物的颗粒大小和间隙水的S体系 ,以及生物扰动等因素 ,它们影响着沉积物中生源要素的早期成岩过程和循环。一般而言 ,中国近海沉积物—海水界面S2 -,HS-,H4SiO4,PO43 -,NH4 的扩散通量是从沉积物向上覆水 ,而SO42 -,HCO3 -,NO3 -,NO2 -的扩散通量从上覆水向沉积物中扩散。生物扰动对沉积物—海水界面生源要素的循环起重要作用。     

Identifying water resources management strategies in adaptation to climate change under uncertainty

In this study, an integrated simulation-based allocation modeling system (ISAMS) is developed for identifying water resources management strategies in response to climate change. The ISAMS incorporates global climate models (GCMs), a semi-distributed land use-based runoff process (SLURP) model, and a multistage interval-stochastic programming (MISP) approach within a general framework. The ISAMS can not only handle uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values but also reveal climate change impacts on water resources allocation under different projections of GCMs. The ISAMS is then applied to the Kaidu-kongque watershed with cold arid characteristics in the Tarim River Basin (the largest inland watershed basin in China) for demonstrating its efficiency. Results reveal that different climate change models corresponding to various projections (e.g., precipitation and temperature) would lead to changed water resources allocation patterns. Variations in water availability and demand due to uncertainties could result in different water allocation targets and shortages. A variety of decision alternatives about water allocations adaptive to climate change are generated under combinations of different global climate models and ecological water release plans. These findings indicate that understanding the uncertainties in water resources system, building adaptive methods for generating sustainable water allocation patterns, and taking actions for mitigating water shortage problems are key adaptation strategies responding to climate change.     

高效原油降解菌处理油田采出水

利用油田采用废水中原有微生物种群分离驯化出的高效原油降解菌，通过单一菌种高效原油降解菌降解性能实验，高效混合菌正交实验，最佳组合菌株的连续生物处理油田采出水实验，都取得了处理低浓度含油废水的良好效果。这表明在常规物理，化学法处理油田采出水的基础上，利用生物再空度处理是可行的。     

舟山港港口油污应急计划

分析了舟山港潜在的溢油风险，建立了舟山港港口油污应急指挥机构、应急反应程序及应急设备配置。提供了溢油处置方案建议。     

报废汽车内饰件塑料浮选技术研究

报废汽车内饰件塑料品种复杂、难以分选,为此,以分离汽车内饰件中4种主体塑料——PP(聚丙烯)、ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PC(聚碳酸酯)、PVC(聚氯乙烯)为目标,利用实验室自制浮选设备,考察了浮选液流量、溶气罐压力、润湿液浓度等因素对浮选效果的影响. 结果表明:当溶气罐压力为0.22 MPa、浮选液流量为10 L/min、润湿液中ρ(单宁酸)为15 mg/L时,一级浮选PP、ABS、PC、PVC效果达到最佳,其中PP和ABS为上浮料,二者上浮率分别为100%和98.63%;PC和PVC为下沉料,二者下沉率分别为98.95%和100%. 当溶气罐压力为0 MPa、浮选液流量为6 L/min、润湿液中ρ(单宁酸)为10 mg/L时,二级浮选完全分离PP/ABS;当溶气罐压力为0.24 MPa、浮选液流量为10 L/min、润湿液采用10 mg/L单宁酸和10 mmol/L癸二酸二丁酯时,二级浮选分离PC/PVC效果达到最佳,PC上浮率为92.87%,PVC下沉率为91.41%. 通过二级浮选分离,PP、ABS、PC、PVC的最终分离率分别达到100%、98.63%、92.87%和91.41%,显示出该二级浮选工艺在报废汽车内饰件塑料分选方面具有较为广阔的应用前景.      

冷轧浓油废水预处理设施的设计与运行

就宝钢不锈钢有限公司配套建设的冷轧浓油废水处理工程的浓油废水预处理设施的设计与运行进行了介绍和分析,可作为相似工程中的借鉴和参考。     

不同流域水陆过渡带氮磷有效态的特征对比及环境意义

为了解不同流域水陆过渡带氮磷的分布特征及其环境意义,对闽江上游、太湖西部和洪泽湖西部这3个研究区土壤及沉积物氮磷的总量和有效态特征进行了研究,分析了自然环境与人类活动方式对区域环境差异的影响.结果表明,太湖西部研究区土壤氮磷总量均高于其他两个流域,洪泽湖西部研究区沉积物氮磷含量均高于土壤.研究区有效态氮磷的分布趋势整体与总氮总磷分布趋势一致,太湖西部与洪泽湖西部的有效态氮磷占比高于闽江上游流域,沉积物有效态氮磷占比高于土壤.土壤及沉积物理化性质如pH值、有机质及铁铝氧化物对氮磷元素及其有效态的影响较大,但不同流域的影响程度存在差异.不同流域的自然环境及人类活动方式明显影响了滨岸带氮磷的分布,人类活动方式对氮磷形态的影响更为显著.