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232.
Facilitation, or positive plant–plant interaction, has received increasing concern from ecologists over the last two decades. Facilitation may occur through direct mitigation of severe environments or indirect mediation by a third participant from the same or different trophic levels. The copper(Cu) tolerant species Elsholtzia splendens facilitates the establishment and growth of co-occurring Commelina communis through indirect enrichment of microbial activity. However, whether and how E. splendens impacts the microbial community that is associated with C. communis is less known. We characterized the soil bacterial community in the rhizosphere of C. communis in the absence and presence of E.splendens using PCR-DGGE(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and sequencing. The result showed that the richness of the bacterial community increased, but diversity and evenness remained similar, in the presence of E. splendens.Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most dominant bacteria. The relative abundance of dominant and minor bacterial groups showed distinctly different responses to E. splendens. Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that variation of the bacterial community was determined by multiple factors and might be driven by the tested soil parameters collectively, or alternatively changed through plant root exudates or other microorganisms. Our results enhance the understanding of how the bacterial community associated with a beneficiary plant responds to a benefactor plant and suggests that the changes of bacterial community composition may have far-reaching influence on plant–soil feedback and the aboveground plant community in the long run. 相似文献
233.
基于UNMIX模型对大气降雨中水溶性离子来源解析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对洛杉矾2005年1月至2015年1月的降水数据进行了分析,并通过UNMIX模型对降水中的无机离子成分进行了来源解析.结果表明,洛杉矶降水的pH均值为4.84,表现为轻度污染的弱酸性水平;降水的污染来源主要有3个,分别是二次污染源(50%)、海洋传输源(43%)、燃煤源及生物质燃烧源(7%);降水中离子解析结果与洛杉矶地区细颗粒物污染来源解析结果有较好的一致性,表明在细颗粒物化学成分缺失的情况下,降水离子可在一定程度上反应污染来源解析. 相似文献
234.
SUMMARY During the past half century, China has experienced increasingly severe land degradation, soil erosion, and desert expansion. Desertification is affecting one third of China's total territory and the annual accelerating rate of desertification spread is as high as 2460 km2 in China. In 1996, China developed a National Action Programme to Combat Desertification (NAP), which is aimed to apply new legal measures and technical approaches to slow down desertification processes and achieve a long-term goal — control desertification and alleviate poverty through continuous efforts to fight against desertification, stabilize mobile dunes, revegetate degraded rangeland and control soil erosion in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas. The long-term and integrated strategies of China's NAP result in encouragement of social participation, legal institutional guarantees, policy making, and establishment of demonstrations/pilot projects to combat desertification at both national and provincial level. 相似文献
235.
<正>防御和减轻自然灾害,保障广大人民生命财产安全,是保证人民安居乐业,维护社会长期稳定的重要前提。河南地处中原,由于地理、气候环境特殊,自然灾害频繁发生,尤其以水、旱、矿难灾害最为严重。近年来,河南政府高度重视灾害应急体系建 相似文献
236.
R. Xiao N. Takegawa Y. Kondo Y. Miyazaki T. Miyakawa M. Hu M. Shao L.M. Zeng A. Hofzumahaus F. Holland K. Lu N. Sugimoto Y. Zhao Y.H. Zhang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(24):3754-3763
Size-resolved chemical compositions of non-refractory submicron aerosols were measured using a quadrupole Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer at a rural site near Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China in the summer of 2006. Two cases characterized as the outflows from the PRD urban region with plumes of high SO2 concentration were investigated. The evolution of sulfate size distributions was observed on a timescale of several hours. Namely mass concentrations of sulfate in the condensation mode (with vacuum aerodynamic diameters (Dva) < 300 nm) increased at a rate of about 0.17–0.37 ppbv h?1 during the daytime. This finding was consistent with the sulfuric acid production rates of about 0.17–0.3 ppbv h?1, as calculated from the observed gas-phase concentrations of OH (~3.3 × 106–1.7 × 107 cm?3) and SO2 (~3–21.2 ppbv). This implies that the growth of sulfate in the condensation mode was mainly due to gas-phase oxidation of SO2. The observed rapid increase was caused mainly by the concurrent high concentrations of OH and SO2 in the air mass. The evolution of the mass size distributions of m/z 44, a tracer for oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), was very similar to that of sulfate. The mass loadings of m/z 44 were strongly correlated with those of sulfate (r2 = 0.99) in the condensation mode, indicating that OOA might also be formed by the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors. It is likely that sulfate and OOA were internally mixed throughout the whole size range in the air mass. 相似文献
237.
Lv Ying Li Jia Chen Zhenxing Ye Hengpeng Du Dongyun Shao Li Ma Mengyu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(2):1491-1501
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A strain of silicon-activating bacteria was isolated from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR); identified as a species of Ochrobactrum by integrated... 相似文献
238.
Shao Zhihui Li Xinyan Zhang Xiaoyu Zhao Mingqin 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(3):1271-1279
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Bioethanol is a major raw chemical produced in large quantities by the fermentation of sugar-containing crops and lignocellulosic materials. As a consequence,... 相似文献
239.
Effects of leachate addition on ammonia volatilization and N2O and CO2 emissions from two different soils were investigated using the 10-day laboratory incubation method at two levels of moisture content. Ammonia volatilization was dominated by soil pH and only occurred in alkaline clay soil, where 0.26–0.32% of soil ammonia could be lost. The N2O emission from the alkaline clay soil was one order of magnitude greater than that from the acidic sandy soil, when either water or leachate was irrigated. Increasing the moisture content from 46% water-filled pore space (WFPS) to 70% WFPS in the alkaline clay soil or the acidic sandy soil by either water or leachate irrigation increased the N2O emission by over twofold. The CO2 emission from each soil sample at the two WFPSs was almost the same. The CO2 emission from the alkaline clay soil with leachate addition was 72% lower than that from the acidic sandy soil with leachate addition, and 6.7 times higher than that from the alkaline clay soil with distilled water addition. Ammonia volatilization and N2O emission under leachate irrigation could be minimized by avoiding the excessively wet condition and by selecting the acidic sandy soil with low organic carbon and total nitrogen content. 相似文献
240.
Hongzhi Wang Qihui Shao Rendong Li Mingjie Song Yong Zhou 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):10521-10536
The prosperity of farmers is closely tied to governmental policies. The Jianghan Plain is an important region for commodity grains, cotton and edible oil for China. The trajectories of land use and land cover change (LUCC) of the study area from 1995 to 2010 were studied based on the LUCC database of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The LUCC was characterised by a continuous decrease of arable land and continuous increase of waters and construction land. The LUCC was obviously concurrent with the implementation of related national policies. The transition to construction land was ever well controlled by ‘Notice regarding the further strengthening of land management and arable land protection’ promulgated in 1997. However, it flourished again with the ‘Rise of Central China Strategy’ taking effect since 2006. The transition of construction land to others reflects an uncommon trend, which must be strengthened with the strict implementation of the overall plan, which imposes a limited acreage quota of construction land to each district. The policies were quite contradictory to the transition of waters. LUCC related to waters is most active, which was driven by both natural forces and national policies. Just after the devastating flood of 1998, the state council of China put forward the Green Policy to govern the major rivers. As to the study area, it is mainly to ‘push over dykes to let flood through and return farmland to lakes’. In 2004, the Grain Direct Subsidy Policy was implemented, which, along with the surge in the price of rice, resulted in a strengthening trend of conversion of ponds to paddy fields. 相似文献