中置生物活性炭滤池的选炭

实验通过对传统臭氧-生物活性炭工艺的调整,采用臭氧-曝气生物活性炭滤池-砂滤池工艺,对比研究了4mm柱状炭、4 mm破碎炭和1.5 mm柱状炭3种不同类型活性炭用于给水深度处理的运行效果。结果表明,粒径为1.5 mm的柱状炭对有机物和氨氮的去除效果以及出水浊度方面优于其他2种活性炭,但炭滤池水头损失偏大,且不够稳定,适当增加柱状炭的粒径可稳定和降低滤池的水头损失。     

陕西分区烈度衰减关系研究

在合理分区、收集整理陕西及邻近地区1900年以来5级以上地震资料的基础上,利用烈度衰减的椭圆模型,采用多元稳健线性回归方法,分区统计计算得到陕西陕南、关中和陕北地区的烈度衰减关系,并对结果进行了分析讨论。     

The emission patterns of volatile organic compounds during aerobic biotreatment of municipal solid waste using continuous and intermittent aeration

Because volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the main concerns during municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment, the release patterns and the environmental effects of VOCs were investigated during laboratory-scale aerobic biotreatments of MSW with continuous and intermittent negative ventilation. When the same airflow amounts were used, intermittent ventilation was found to reduce the total VOC emissions from continuous ventilation process by 28%. In this study, 23 types of volatile organic compounds were analyzed, of which butyraldehyde, ethanol, and butanone were emitted in the highest concentrations of 748, 372, and 260 mg/m3, respectively. During the aerobic biotreatment process, ketones, aldehydes, and alcohols were primarily released during the first 4 days, accounting for 86-98% of the total VOC emissions during this period. The emission concentrations of malodorous sulfide compounds displayed two peaks on day 4 and day 9, with the contribution to the total VOC emissions being enhanced from less than 10% to 76-83%. The release of terpenes and aromatics lasted for more than 10 days with no significant emission peaks and the proportions of those compounds in the total VOCs increased gradually, but no more than 50% even at the end of the process. Considering the strength of the odors, aldehydes were the predominant contributors at the beginning of the experiment, whereas malodorous sulfide compounds became the most odorous compound as the biological process continued. Most of the VOCs emitted at the concentrations beneath the level causing health threat to the workers.     

黄粉虫处理鸡粪

采用EM菌发酵处理后的鸡粪养殖黄粉虫,研究了在传统饲料中添加不同比例的鸡粪对黄粉虫的生长及积累重金属的影响。以虫的增重量为指标,采用均匀实验法优化了含有鸡粪的黄粉虫饲料配方。结果表明,利用黄粉虫处理鸡粪时,鸡粪的添加量宜低于55wt％。随着鸡粪比例增加,黄粉虫体内灰分含量呈增加趋势,Cu、Cd、Mn、Pb和Zn等重金属在黄粉虫体内无明显富集。饲养黄粉虫的鸡粪饲料较好的配方为：发酵处理的鸡粪37．78wt％、玉米秸秆粉26．20wt％、玉米粉36．02wt％。     

印刷用铝基材碱洗废液的循环利用

对印刷用铝基材碱洗废液进行了循环利用研究。首先将高COD含量的碱洗废液进行除油脱色处理,通过石灰和硬脂酸的协同效应,使COD含量从26300mg／L降至480mg／L,色度降至60°;然后利用含铝碱性废液通过碳化法制备出结晶度66％的拟薄水铝石产品;最后对分离后的碱性废水按配方要求配制,对铝基材进行除油实验,经5次循环表明,除油效果和对铝基材的腐蚀率均100％达标。     

Controlled release and retarded leaching of pesticides by encapsulating in carboxymethyl chitosan /bentonite composite gel

A novel composite gel composed of carboxymethyl-chitosan (CM-chit) and bentonite (H-bent) was used as the carrier for encapsulating atrazine and imidacloprid to control their release in water and retard their leaching in soil. Strong interactions between CM-chit and H-bent in the composite were confirmed by FT-IR, and good dispersion of pesticides in the carrier was observed by SEM. According to the results of release experiments in water, the CM-chit/H-bent composite carrier showed double advantages of both encapsulation by the polymer and sorption by the bentonite. The time taken for 50 % of active ingredients to be released, t ₅₀, was prolonged to 572 h for atrazine and 24 h for imidacloprid, respectively. The difference between the two pesticides on release behavior was related to their hydrophobicity and water solubility. Leaching experiments through a soil layer showed that this novel carrier reduced the amount of pesticides available for leaching, and would be useful for diminishing the environmental pollution of pesticides.     

八羟基喹啉改性膨润土预处理养殖废水

以八羟基喹啉为改性剂,天然膨润土为原料,制备一种新型吸附剂,并将其应用于养殖废水的预处理中。确定了改性膨润土的最佳制备条件:土液比为4 g/L,改性剂浓度为0.3 g/L,改性时间为50 min,改性温度为50℃。并以扫描电镜方法对改性膨润土行进表征:八羟基喹啉已经有效进入层间,改变了膨润土的性状,提高了吸附效果。优化了改性膨润土处理养殖废水的工艺条件:投土量为1 g/L,pH为4,搅拌时间为30 min,搅拌速度为350 r/min,沉淀时间为40 min。在此优化条件下,改性膨润土对养殖废水的COD去除率最高可达79.18%,且吸附动力学结果满足二级动力学模型。     

微波辅助Fe-H2O2联合处理罗丹明B废水

对微波辅助Fe-H2O2联合处理罗丹明B废水进行了研究,分别考察了废水pH、H2O2加入量、铁粉加入量、初始罗丹明B质量浓度以及反应时间等因素对罗丹明B去除率的影响。实验结果表明,对于100mg/L的罗丹明B废水,当加入50mg/L铁粉、10.0mL/LH2O2,反应12min后,罗丹明B去除率达到98.7%,并且拓宽了反应的pH范围。     

Effects of bulking agent addition on odorous compounds emissions during composting of OFMSW

The effects of rice straw addition level on odorous compounds emissions in a pilot-scale organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) composting plant were investigated. The cumulative odorous compounds emissions occurred in a descending order of 40.22, 28.71 and 27.83 mg/dry kg of OFMSW for piles with rice straw addition level at ratio of 1:10, 2:10 and 3:10 (mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW on a wet basis), respectively. The mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW had a statistically significant effect on the reduction of malodorous sulfur compounds emissions, which had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of VFAs, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatics and ammonia emissions during composting, respectively. The cumulative emissions of malodorous sulfur compounds from piles with the increasing rice straw addition level were 1.17, 1.08 and 0.88 mg/dry kg of OFMSW, respectively. The optimal mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW was 1:5. Using this addition level, the cumulative malodorous sulfur compounds emissions based on the organic matter degradation were the lowest during composting of OFMSW.     

曝气量和曝气时长对好氧颗粒污泥活性恢复的影响

采用啤酒废水,在SBR中对在4℃的冰箱中储存8周的好氧颗粒污泥进行活性恢复。设置曝气时长分别为150 min和270 min,曝气量分别为0.1 m3/h和0.2 m3/h,考察了曝气时长和曝气量对好氧颗粒污泥活性恢复的影响。实验结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥在4℃冰箱中储存8周后,其颜色、粒径无明显变化;设置较长曝气时间(270 min)、较大曝气量(0.2 m3/h)时,颗粒污泥平均沉降速率、MLSS和SVI恢复最快,且对COD处理效果也恢复较快。而短曝气时间(150 min)、小曝气量(0.1 m3/h)有利于好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮去除效果的恢复。