填埋场内部水分运移数学模型研究进展

填埋场内部水分运移对渗滤液的水质和产生速率有重要影响。对于生物反应器填埋场。控制填埋场内部的水分分布是研究的关键之一。综述了填埋场内部水分运移数学模型的研究进展。指出了目前模型中存在的问题和今后研究的方向。     

深圳近岸海域环境质量调查和评价

根据深圳近岸海域环境质量调查资料，用海水标准（GB3097－1997），按超标分类法和污染指数法对深圳近岸海域水质（含潮间带）、沉积物、生物质量状况分别进行评价，查清了该区域环境质量现状，确定了影响环境质量的主要污染物。     

Genetic variability in Gymnodiniaceae ITS regions: implications for species identification and phylogenetic analysis

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and 5.8S rRNA genes from several strains of toxic Gymnodiniaceae were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis with other Gymnodiniaceae species. Sequence comparisons showed that high sequence divergence existed in Gymnodiniaceae, especially in the genus Gymnodinium. The amplicons of the ITS regions from Amphidinium and Gyrodinium species were 438–439 and 604–605 bp, respectively, and those of the Gymnodinium species ranged from 575 to 615 bp. The mean distance value within Gymnodinium, calculated from the ITS sequence, was 0.68827 (range: 0–0.92323), 0.11342 for Amphidinium (range: 0.00467–0.17120) and 0.2005 for Karenia (range: 0.00521–0.29971). Low distance values were found within the species Gyrodinium instriatum (<0.01) and Karlodinium micrum (<0.02). Amphidinium remarkably had a shorter ITS than did other genera in Gymnodiniaceae, this implied that Amphidinium might be distant from the other Gymnodiniaceae and supported Saunders opinion that the taxonomy of Amphidinium needs to be reevaluated. Largely congruent phylogenetic trees were produced by the maximum-parsimony method (PAUP), maximum-likelihood method (PAUP) and Bayesian inference (MrBayes), whereas the three analyses showed that the genera Gymnodinium and Karenia are unresolved groups in phylogeny. Minor sequence divergence was found within the different clones of Amphidinium carterae, suggesting that the ITS regions are suitable as genus- and species-specific oligonucleotide probes to rapidly detect and identify the red tide-forming algal species.Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe     

乌鲁木齐市市区学校环境噪声现状调查与评价

对学校环境噪声作了初步调查表明:学校环境噪声主要污染源来自交通噪声,危害最大的是位于交通干线两侧的学校.上课时间能持续在64.5～66.9dB(A)之间的较高水平.其噪声污染与距噪声源距离呈负相关(r=-0.679).     

新疆生态环境监测指标体系与评价方法探讨

针对新疆荒漠生态 环境的独特 环境特征，以准确、快捷、客观反映荒漠生态环境质量为目的，建立了区域性荒 漠生态环境监测指标体系和评价方法，充分发挥生态监测网络站和各行业监测站的作用，做到信息共享，通过在新疆生态环境监测和质量评价中进行实践，证明所建指标 体系 和评价方法 具有一定的科学性和实用价值。     

化学需氧量与高锰酸盐指数的关系

本文以内蒙古地区河流断面的水质监测数据为依据,对水体中化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数之间的相关关系进行线性回归,建立回归方程,并作相应分析。     

Kinetic and products study of the gas-phase reaction of Lewisite with ozone under atmospheric conditions

The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of O_3 and Lewisite was studied in air using the smog chamber technique. The experiments were carried out under pseudo-first-order reaction conditions with [O_3] [Lewisite]. The observed rate constant of O_3 with Lewisite was(7.83 ± 0.38) × 10~(-19)cm~3/(molecule·sec) at 298 ± 2 K. Lewisite was discussed in terms of reactivity with O_3 and its relationship with the ionization potential. Our results show that the rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of O_3 with Lewisite is in line with the trend of the rate constants of O_3 with haloalkenes.     

Phosphate adsorption performance of a novel filter substrate made from drinking water treatment residuals

Phosphate is one of the most predominant pollutants in natural waters. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the phosphate adsorption performance of a(NFS) made from drinking water treatment residuals. The adsorption of phosphate on the NFS fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic models. At p H 7.0, the maximum adsorption capacity of 1.03 mg/g was achieved at 15°C corresponding to the wastewater temperature in cold months, and increased notably to 1.31 mg/g at 35°C.Under both acidic conditions(part of the adsorption sites was consumed) and basic conditions(negative charges formed on the surface of NFS, which led to a static repulsion of PO43-and HPO42-), the adsorption of phosphate was slightly inhibited. Further study showed that part of the adsorption sites could be recovered by 0.25 mol/L Na OH. The activation energy was calculated to be above 8.0 k J/mol, indicating that the adsorption of phosphate on NFS was probably a chemical process. Considering the strong phosphate adsorption capacity and recoverability, NFS showed great promise on enhancing phosphate removal from the secondary treated wastewater in the filtration process.     

The operation of cost-effective on-site process for the bio-treatment of mixed municipal solid waste in rural areas

The application of on-site waste treatment significantly reduces the need for expensive waste collection and transportation in rural areas; hence, it is considered of fundamental importance in developing countries. In this study, the effects of in-field operation of two types of mini-scale on-site solid waste treatment facilities on de-centralized communities, one using mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion combined with composting (TPAD, 50 kg/d) and another using decentralized composting (DC, 0.6–2 t/d), were investigated. Source-separated collection was applied to provide organic waste for combined process, in which the amount of waste showed significant seasonal variation. The highest collection amount was 0.18 kg/capital day and 0.6 kg/household day. Both sites showed good performance after operating for more than 6 months, with peak waste reduction rates of 53.5% in TPAD process and 63.2% in DC process. Additionally, the windrow temperature exceeded 55 °C for >5 days, indicating that the composting products from both facilities were safe. These results were supported by 4 days aerobic static respiration rate tests. The emissions were low enough to avoid any impact on nearby communities (distance <100 m). Partial energy could be recovered by the combined process but with complicated operation. Hence, the choice of process must be considered in case separately.     

Ni-Si交联改性膨润土的制备与应用研究

以钠基膨润土为原料,制备了镍硅交联改性膨润土,并应用于模拟废水、实验室废水,探讨了镍硅交联改性膨润土对废水中COD、Cr6+、色度、浊度的去除率的影响因素,分别对镍硅交联改性膨润土的镍硅比、废水处理的pH、改性膨润土的投加量、搅拌时间等条件进行了选择。结果令人满意。