煤矸石热电厂烟气治理技术及应用

介绍了一种新型喷淋泡沫塔在煤矸石热电厂烟气治理中的应用。根据离心、喷雾、泡沫相结合的多级净化原理 ,经旋风喷雾、二级喷淋泡沫板洗涤 ,脱硫效率高达 92 4 %。     

考虑径向温度效应的能源桩荷载传递分析方法研究

针对能源桩受温度作用影响时的承载特性难以量化,提出考虑径向温度效应的荷载传递法对能源桩热-力耦合作用下的受力特性进行研究,评估温度变化对能源桩的影响,研究桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力的分布状态,并以昆山能源桩的现场测试为依托,验证了本文方法的可行性。计算结果表明,温度作用对能源桩桩身应力应变状态有显著影响,当桩体受极限荷载与温度作用时,侧阻力发挥的作用几乎不大,在降温作用下能源桩桩顶会产生残余变形,因此在能源桩设计时应以降温作用时的沉降值为标准进行折减,考虑能源桩的设计承载力。     

Mapping the contaminant plume of an abandoned hydrocarbon disposal site with geophysical and geochemical methods,Jiangsu, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The management and remediation of abandoned hydrocarbon-contaminated sites require detailed information on the distribution of contaminant plumes. In...     

基于分形插值模型的平寨水库水质评价

平寨水库是黔中水利枢纽唯一源头水库,其水环境质量直接影响包括安顺和贵阳在内的整个黔中地区的农业灌溉和城市居民饮水安全.为了深入分析平寨水库的水环境质量状况,于2018年1月、5月、8月和11月对平寨水库7个监测断面水样进行采集,测定TP、TN、NH_3-N、COD和DO等5个监测指标,基于分形维数权重建立水质评价模型,对平寨水库水环境质量状况进行综合评价,并与模糊综合评价法和综合污染指数法进行对比分析.结果表明,平寨水库TP、NH_3-N和DO浓度均达到Ⅱ类水质标准,TN和COD浓度均超过Ⅱ类水质标准,主要为Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类,是主要污染因子;TP、NH_3-N和COD浓度在春季最高,TN浓度在秋季最高,DO浓度在冬季最低.平寨水库全年水质类别主要为Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类,在28个监测序列中,水质达到水功能区划标准的仅21.43%;平寨和跨桥断面水质最差,扈家河断面水质相对最好;春、秋季水质最差,冬、夏季次之.分形插值模型不仅能评价水质状况,而且能对同等级水质状况的优劣进行排序,具有较高的分类精度;其评价结果更客观、有效,在水质综合评价中具有良好的适用性.     

水蚤分子生态毒理学研究进展

水蚤是广泛分布于各类淡水水体中的浮游动物,在水生生态系统中具有重要地位,也是水生毒理学研究中常用的模式生物。近年来,分子毒理学的发展为水蚤生态毒理学研究提供了新的工具和研究思路。本文分别从基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和表观遗传组学方面,综述了不同环境污染物(重金属、农药和杀菌剂等有机污染物、环境激素类化合物、纳米材料和藻毒素等)对水蚤的生态毒理学效应及分子机制,为通过水蚤生态毒理学研究进行环境污染生物标志物筛选及生态风险评估提供参考。     

应用物种敏感性分布评估微(纳米)塑料对水生生物的生态风险

水环境中的微(纳米)塑料对水生生物具有潜在的危害。为了评估微(纳米)塑料对水生生物的毒性效应及生态风险,本研究在广泛查阅并分析微(纳米)塑料相关毒理学研究数据的基础上,利用物种敏感性分布(Species Sensitivity Distributions,SSD)方法对其中5门10科11种水生生物的急性毒理数据进行曲线拟合;计算对应的5%危害浓度(the hazardous concentration for 5%of the species, HC_5)和潜在影响比例(potential affected fractions, PAF);计算了相应的急性生态效应阀值(predicted no effect concentration, PNEC_(acute)),并比较了各类水生生物对微(纳米)塑料的敏感性及其所受生态风险。结果表明,目前已有数据中微(纳米)塑料对费氏弧菌(Vibrio fischeri)的生态风险最大,对朱氏四爿藻(Tetraselmis chuii)的生态风险最小;基于Reweibull模型对水生生物数据所推导的PNEC_(acute)为0.185μg·L~(-1),约为当前微(纳米)塑料在水体环境中浓度的30%。利用SSD来预测微(纳米)塑料不同暴露浓度下对水生生物的PAF,发现当微(纳米)塑料暴露浓度小于10μg·L~(-1)时,水生生物所受的影响在可接受范围内;当暴露浓度达到1 000μg·L~(-1)时,将有26%的物种受到微(纳米)塑料的危害。此外,利用Rurrlioz软件估算了世界典型淡水与海水水域表层水体中微塑料对水生生物的PAF值,发现其PAF预测值都为0;将各水域微塑料浓度与急性生态效应阀值PNEC_(acute)比较后发现,除太湖外,其他水体环境中微塑料浓度都低于PNEC_(acute),说明如果只考虑微塑料本身的影响,目前世界典型水域表层水中微塑料对水生生物的危害程度大部分都在可接受的范围之内。     

Leaching characteristics and phytotoxic effects of sewage sludge biochar

Biochar was prepared via the pyrolysis of sewage sludge at temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 °C and the physical–chemical compositions of the biochars obtained were analyzed. Leaching tests were conducted using the biochars to investigate the release of the constituents and their phytotoxic effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds in a germination test. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the contributions of the constituents to the germination index (GI). The results showed that the biochars were rich in micronutrient contents and they improved the germination of wheat. The heavy metal contents were higher in the biochars than the sewage sludge and their levels increased with the pyrolysis temperature, but they were within the acceptable limits for land application, thereby suggesting that sewage sludge is suitable for use as a biochar substrate. The different components of the biochar leachates could promote and inhibit the germination of wheat seeds, where the GI was promoted at lower concentrations but inhibited at higher concentrations. Our results suggest that biochar is an effective and environmentally friendly fixative for the immobilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge when applied to land or disposed of in landfill, but its ecotoxicity needs to be assessed to ensure its environmental safety.     

中国灾害性对流天气日数的时空变化特征

采用1961~2016年中国2 481站的冰雹、大风、雷暴和闪电日数数据,利用多种数理统计方法,分析了中国4种灾害性对流天气日数时空分布特征、周期变化规律和气候突变特征。结果表明：（1）在时间上,中国4种灾害性对流天气日数呈减少趋势,且冰雹和雷暴日数具有“先增 后减”的分段变化特征。中国冰雹、大风、雷暴和闪电日数分别具有3~5 a、2~3 a、1~2 a和1~4 a左右的振荡周期,且冰雹和雷暴日数分别于2002和1992年发生突变。（2）在空间上,青藏高原 四川西部地区是冰雹、大风和雷暴日数的高值分布区。同时长江以南地区也是雷暴日数的高值分布区。华南及其同纬度的西南地区是闪电日数的高值分布区。（3）在趋势上,中国冰雹日数主要在青藏高原地区呈减少趋势。大风日数变化趋势呈东部减少 中部不变 西部增减镶嵌的空间格局。雷暴日数在西藏、华北、重庆、浙江和黑龙江西北部呈增加趋势。中国闪电日数变化趋势在长江以南地区减少明显。（4）在波动上,中国冰雹日数在东南地区波动较大,大风日数在胡焕庸线以东波动较大。中国雷暴日数波动特征呈西北高 东南低的空间格局,闪电日数除在新疆北部和华南地区波动动较小外,其它地区波动相对较大。     

ZnO NPs对水培小麦(Triticum aestivum L)种子不同发育阶段的影响

氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO NPs)是目前应用最为广泛的纳米材料之一,已有研究表明其对生物体具有显著的毒性效应。为了研究ZnO NPs的毒性与种子发育阶段的关系,选择小麦(Triticum aestivum L)作为受试植物,将处于不同发育阶段的小麦种子置入ZnO NPs悬浮液中进行培养,研究了ZnO NPs对水培小麦种子不同发育阶段的影响。结果表明,虽然ZnO NPs对处于吸胀阶段、萌动阶段和发芽阶段的小麦都可以产生毒性,但是毒性的大小随小麦发育阶段的不同而表现出明显的差异(P0.05)。在60 mg·L-1暴露浓度下,用ZnO NPs对处于吸胀阶段、萌动阶段和发芽阶段的小麦种子进行处理,小麦根长的抑制率分别为37.8%、80.2%和95.7%;就萌动阶段和发芽阶段而言,ZnO NPs的毒性与其浓度有关,浓度越大毒性越大,即具有显著的浓度效应。上述研究结果对于全面准确地评价ZnO NPs毒性具有重要的意义。     

Characterization and speciation of mercury in mosses and lichens from the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau

The accumulation and species of mercury (Hg) in mosses and lichens collected from high-altitude Tibetan Plateau were studied. The altitudes of the sampling sites spanned from 1983 to 5147 m, and a total of 130 mosses and 52 lichens were analyzed. The total mercury (THg) contents in mosses and lichens were in the ranges of 13.1–273.0 and 20.2–345.9 ng/g, respectively. The average ratios of methylmercury (MeHg) in THg in mosses and lichens were 2.4 % (0.3–11.1 %) and 2.7 % (0.4–9.6 %), respectively, which were higher than those values reported in other regions. The contents of THg in both mosses and lichens were not correlated with the THg in soils (p > 0.05). The lipid contents displayed a significantly positive correlation with concentrations of MeHg in mosses (r = 0.461, p < 0.01, n = 90), but not in lichens. The correlations between Hg contents in mosses and the altitudes, latitudes and longitudes of sampling sites indicated the mountain trapping and spatial deposition of Hg in the Tibetan Plateau.