Have international remittance inflows degraded environmental quality? A carbon emission mitigation analysis for Ghana

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Despite the considerable contributions of remittances to households and economic advancements, their environmental implications have received little...     

Assessment of organic contamination along the coast of Laizhou Bay,China: chemical analysis and integrated biomarker responses in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

An investigative biomonitoring study was conducted along the coastal area of Laizhou Bay (China) to evaluate the impact of organic pollution on the clam Ruditapes philippinarum using bioaccumulation and multi-biomarker measurements. In addition, the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and nonylphenol (NP) content in surface sediment at the study sites were also analyzed. Concentrations of PCBs, TPHs and NP in the sediments of the study area were 1.90 ± 0.10 μg kg^?1, 39.55 ± 2.42 mg kg^?1, 9.23 ± 0.41 μg kg^?1 dry weight, respectively, while the organic contaminants in the soft tissues of R. philippinarum were 14.81 ± 0.96 μg kg^?1 for PCBs, 165.87 ± 5.03 mg kg^?1 for TPHs and 86.16 ± 5.29 μg kg^?1 for NP. Linear regression analysis on the levels of organic pollutants accumulated in R. philippinarum and in sediments showed no significant correlation. Multi-biomarkers including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, total glutathione and lipid peroxidation were assayed in gills and digestive glands of R. philippinarum. Finally, the biomarkers in gills were selected to calculate the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index and to evaluate the impact of the three organic contaminants on R. philippinarum collected from different sites. According to IBR results, the western coast and eastern coast exhibited higher environmental stress than the sampling sites along the southern coast of Laizhou Bay. Significant correlation was found between the level of organic contaminants in the sediments and IBR whereas no dependence was found between pollutants’ concentrations in sediments and separate biomarker responses. The results showed that PCBs and NP were the main organic pollutants among the three studied which have caused pollution pressure on R. philippinarum in Laizhou Bay coastal area.

     

The effects of polyethersulfone and Nylon 6 micromembrane filters on the pyraclostrobin detection: adsorption performance and mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Adsorption of test substances on micromembrane filters during sample pretreatment before qualitative and quantitative analysis has greatly affected...     

Historical changes in the environment of the Chinese Loess Plateau

Historical records from the past 2000 years indicate that the vegetative cover of the Loess Plateau has declined significantly with time. The decline in vegetative cover seems closely related to increased rates of soil erosion as well as the increased frequency of natural disasters such as floods, droughts and dust storms. The condition of the environment and its relationship with development is a serious problem as the Chinese government searches for ways to improve the living standard of people in the region. The purpose of this study is to outline historical changes in the vegetation and environmental conditions of the Loess Plateau. Although we believe that current population pressure of the Loess Plateau is becoming unsustainable, our objective is not to be overly pessimistic in regards to the future development of the region. Instead, our purpose is to increase the awareness of environmental conditions in the region and to encourage the implementation of policies that will promote sustainable development of the Loess Plateau.     

Current status,existent problems,and coping strategy of urban drainage pipeline network in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban drainage pipeline systems collect and transport domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and rainwater. They are important components of urban...     

二污染极其在垃圾焚烧中的控制

介绍二的毒性及其在环境中的存在状态,并就在垃圾焚烧中如何控制二的产生及焚烧后残渣、飞灰的处理进行了探讨.     

WASP模型湖库水环境模拟国内外研究进展综述

WASP（The water quality analysis simulation program）模型是美国环保局（EPA）推荐使用的水质模型之一,数年来被广泛应用于各类水体的水质模拟、预测和决策制定.本文简述了WASP模型的基本原理,针对湖泊和水库较为相似的水环境特征,阐述了WASP模型在湖库水环境中应用的国内外进展,总结和分析了WASP模型的应用前景和不足之处,为进行湖库水环境模拟研究和模型的选用提供一定的参考依据.     

Investigation of carbonyl compound sources at a rural site in the Yangtze River Delta region of China

Carbonyl compounds are important intermediates in atmospheric photochemistry, but their primary sources are still not understood well. In this work, carbonyls, hydrocarbons,and alkyl nitrates were continuously measured during November 2011 at a rural site in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. Mixing ratios of carbonyls and hydrocarbons showed large fluctuations during the entire measurement. The average level for total measured volatile organic compounds during the pollution episode from 25 th to 27 th November, 2011 was 91.6 ppb, about 7 times the value for the clean period of 7th–8th, November, 2011. To preliminarily identify toluene sources at this site, the emission ratio of toluene to benzene(T/B) during the pollution episode was determined based on photochemical ages derived from the relationship of alkyl nitrates to their parent alkanes. The calculated T/B was5.8 ppb/ppb, significantly higher than the values of 0.2–1.7 ppb/ppb for vehicular exhaust and other combustion sources, indicating the dominant influence of industrial emissions on ambient toluene. The contributions of industrial sources to ambient carbonyls were then calculated using a multiple linear regression fit model that used toluene and alkyl nitrates as respective tracers for industrial emission and secondary production. During the pollution episode, 18.5%, 69.0%, and 52.9% of measured formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were considered to be attributable to industrial emissions. The emission ratios relative to toluene for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were determined to be 0.10, 0.20 and0.40 ppb/ppb, respectively. More research on industrial carbonyl emission characteristics is needed to understand carbonyl sources better.     

纳米银材料的生物安全性研究进展

纳米银材料被广泛应用到医疗、化工、生物等许多领域,增加了与人类接触的可能性,因此关注其生物安全性是很有必要的。本文对近年来纳米银的抗菌性和生物安全性研究进行了综述。首先分析了纳米银的皮肤毒性、呼吸系统毒性、消化系统毒性和其他组织毒性,其次分析了体外细胞毒性和细胞内纳米银与生物大分子相互作用,最后对纳米银材料的人群暴露生物安全性及纳米银与银离子毒性关系进行了探讨。本文旨在为纳米银的毒性作用机制研究提供参考,为建立标准的纳米银安全性评价体系提供依据。     

Bioretention for removal of nitrogen: processes,operational conditions,and strategies for improvement

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As one of the low-impact development measures, bioretention plays an important role in reducing the runoff peak flow and minimizing runoff pollutants,...