固定化氧化还原介体加速亚硝酸盐生物反硝化作用

考察了利用循环伏安法所制备的固定化氧化还原介体(AQS/PPy/ACF)加速亚硝酸盐生物反硝化的特性,及其降解过程中pH和氧化还原电位(ORP)的变化特征。结果表明,AQS/PPy/ACF可显著地加速亚硝酸盐的生物降解;在不考虑各因子间交互作用的条件下,AQS/PPy/ACF加速亚硝酸盐降解的最佳条件为温度35℃,pH=8和碳氮比为6;AQS/PPy/ACF加速亚硝酸盐生物反硝化过程中pH的变化趋势与传统的亚硝酸盐生物反硝化过程中pH的变化趋势相似;AQS/PPy/ACF的加入可使亚硝酸盐生物反硝化过程中的ORP降低约45 mV;AQS/PPy/ACF具有较好的催化稳定性。本研究可为亚硝酸盐的生物降解提供新的技术途径,并为该技术的实际应用提供理论基础。     

电化学氧化法处理模拟黄连素制药废水的研究

以RuO2/Ti为阳极,研究了电化学氧化法对黄连素制药废水的处理效果.通过比较在KCI与K2SO42种支持电解质体系中的处理效果,同时考察了电流强度、初始pH、电解质浓度和电极间距等因素对废水中黄连素及COD去除率的影响,明确了电化学原位生成活性氯是黄连素降解的主要原因;确定了电流强度、pH、电解质浓度和电极间距等最优...     

添加剂在大型石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统中的工程应用实验研究

以某公司出品的脱硫添加剂在浙江北仑发电厂的实际工程应用实验为例,对脱硫添加剂在大型湿法烟气脱硫系统的工程应用进行了研究,考察其对脱硫效率的影响及可能带来的经济效益。实验结果表明600 MW容量发电机组配备的脱硫系统在添加剂使用后相似工况下脱硫效率分别可以提升8%,1 000 MW容量发电机组配备的脱硫系统可提升5%左右...     

Evolution of heavy metals in municipal solid waste during bio-drying and implications of their subsequent transfer during combustion

Bio-drying has been applied to improve the heating value of municipal solid waste (MSW) prior to combustion. In the present study, evolution of heavy metals in MSW during bio-drying and subsequent combustion was studied using one aerobic and two combined hydrolytic-aerobic scenarios. Heavy metals were concentrated during bio-drying and transformed between different metal fractions, namely the exchangeable, carbonate-bound, iron- and manganese-oxides-bound, organic-matter-bound and residual fractions. The amounts of heavy metals per kg of bio-dried MSW transferred into combustion flue gas increased with bio-drying time, primarily due to metals enrichment from organics degradation. Because of their volatility, the partitioning ratios of As and Hg in flue gas remained stable so that bio-drying and heavy metal speciation had little effect on their transfer and partitioning during combustion. In contrast, the partitioning ratios of Pb, Zn and Cu tended to increase after bio-drying, which likely enhanced their release potential during combustion.     

长江上游干流春季禁渔前后三年渔获物结构和生物多样性分析

根据2000~2005年长江上游干流宜宾、巴南和万州3个江段三层流刺网的监测资料,分析了春禁前后3年渔获物结构和鱼类生物多样性的变化,对长江上游春禁效果进行了初步评价。春禁前后3年共监测到鱼类51种,隶属于3目18科（亚科）36属,以鲤科鱼类为主,占608%。春禁后,渔获物主要种类优势度有所下降,部分江段单位捕捞努力量渔获量表现出一定上升趋势,3个江段Margalef指数、Pielou指数和Wilhm改进指数有一定升高,表明种类丰富度有所提高,群落结构趋于复杂,春季禁渔有一定效果。春禁前后渔获物种类的波动,可能与这些种类种群数量少,难以采到有关;春禁后主要种类平均体长、体重仍表现出下降趋势,可能与过度捕捞及资源在短期内难以恢复有关。建议延长禁渔期、严格控制禁渔结束后的捕捞强度等措施来提高禁渔效果,并采取恢复江湖联系、保护重要渔业水域水质、实施水利工程生态调度等措施来配合春禁制度的实施。长江渔业资源的恢复和保护是一个长期而复杂的过程,对长江禁渔效果的准确评估还需要长期监测和深入研究。     

Al13形态分离纯化方法的初步研究

对ＳＯ＾２－４／Ｂａ＾２＋法分离提纯Ａｌ１３形态的影响因素进行了研究,实验结果表明,聚合铝浓度、ＳＯ４／Ａｌ比、Ｂａ／ＳＯ４摩尔比、以及超声反应时间对分离效果上具有较大的影响。较高浓度的聚合铝利于沉淀的形成与分离。同时选用１：１的ＳＯ４／Ａｌ与Ｂａ＾２＋的共存对形态分析不产生影响,形态鉴定结果表明,经过上述分离条件所得产物形态为Ａｌ１３。     

上海城市风暴潮灾害及其预测

风暴潮是上海地区最主要的自然灾害之一。其特点一是大的风暴潮灾害都是由于台风影响造成的;二是重灾区主要发生在沿杭州湾、长江口地区和市区;三是随首防潮设施防御能力提高而减轻,随地面下沉面加重;四是随着长江口、黄浦江潮位的不断抬高,黄浦江中上游地区潮灾加重。因而,预测可能最高潮位,因害设防,对于防灾减灾具有实践意义。     

背角无齿蚌硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因的克隆及2,4-二氯苯酚、2,4,6-三氯苯酚和五氯苯酚对其表达的影响

硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(SeGPx)是一类广泛存在于生物体内的重要抗氧化酶,SeGPx可将有毒的过氧化物还原成无毒的羟基化合物,从而保护细胞膜结构及功能不受过氧化物干扰和损害.为了探讨2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)、2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)和五氯苯酚(PCP)对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)的胁迫效应,本研究克隆出AwSeGPx全基因序列,分析2,4-DCP、2,4,6-TCP和PCP对AwSeGPx表达的影响.AwSeGPx的cDNA序列全长870 bp,开放阅读框为585 bp,编码195个氨基酸.推导的AwSeGPx蛋白序列包括GPx家族标签序列(68LGFPCNQF75)和活性位点序列(156WNFEKF161)、一个典型终止密码子(165TGA167)编码的硒代半胱氨酸(U44)、酶催化活性相关保守氨基酸位点:谷氨酰胺(Q74)、精氨酸(R94和R151)和色氨酸(W156).在相同浓度条件下,PCP对背角无齿蚌毒性效应大于2,4-DCP和2,4,6-TCP.与对照组相比,浓度60、120、240、480和960μg·L-1的2,4-DCP处理后肝胰腺AwSeGPxmRNA水平增加了1.79倍以上(P<0.05);浓度100、200、400和800μg·L-1的2,4,6-TCP处理后AwSeGPxmRNA水平增加了1.01倍以上(P<0.05);浓度20、40、80、160和320μg·L-1 PCP处理能够显著诱导AwSeGPx的表达.以上结果表明,2,4-DCP、2,4,6-TCP和PCP处理对背角无齿蚌肝胰腺中AwSeGPx表达具有明显的诱导作用,这种诱导效应与动物提高过氧化物的还原能力和增强环境的耐受能力密切相关.     

Investigation on thermal dechlorination and catalytic pyrolysis in a continuous process for liquid fuel recovery from mixed plastic wastes

A continuous system (feeding rate >1 kg/h) consisting of thermal dechlorination pre-treatment and catalytic pyrolysis with Fe-restructured clay (Fe-RC) catalyst was developed for feedstock recycling of PVC-containing mixed plastic waste. The vented screw conveyor which was specially designed for continuous dechlorination was able to achieve dechlorination efficiency of over 90 % with a feedstock retention time longer than 35.5 min. The chlorine content of the pyrolytic oil obtained after dechlorination was in the range of 6.08–39.50 ppm, which meet the specification for reclamation pyrolytic oil in Japan. Fe-RC was found to significantly improve the yield of pyrolytic oil (achieved to 83.73 wt%) at the optimized pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C and catalyst dosage of 60 g. With the optimized parameters, Fe-RC showed high selectivity for the C₉–C₁₂ and C₁₃–C₁₉ oil fraction, which are the major constituents of kerosene and diesel fuel, demonstrating that this catalyst can be applied in the pyrolysis of mixed plastic wastes for the production of kerosene and diesel fuel. Overall, the continuous process exhibited high stability and consistently high-oil yield upon reaching steady state, indicating its potential up-scaling application in the industry.