砂对海水中溶解油的吸附及影响因素研究

以柴油污染的海水为对象，研究了砂对海水中溶解油的吸附作用及吸附的影响因素。结果表明，砂对溶解油的吸附符合Henry型吸附等温式，其吸附量随着砂粒粒径的减小、温度的降低和盐度的增加而增大。在影响吸附的3种因素中，粒径对吸附的影响最大。通过吸附热力学分析，推断砂对溶解油的吸附属于物理吸附。     

一种从有机废水中获取甲酸的方法

探讨了从环己醇/环己酮生产装置产生的酸性有机废水中获取甲酸的方法.在实验基础上,确定了共沸-分馏组合法回收甲酸的工艺过程、适宜挟带剂及工艺条件.采用共沸-分馏组合法处理该有机废水,可获取质量分数为80%以上的甲酸水溶液,甲酸回收率可达70%以上.同时,经本法处理后,该有机废水的COD由1.0×105～1.6×105 mg/L降至5× 102 mg/L以下,COD去除率达98%以上.     

Statistical visualization for data exploration: a case study on Sydney Olympic Park

Due to the powerful graphic interface in modern computers, visualization techniques have become more and more popular for data exploration. As a preliminary investigation, visualization is a greatly useful tool to lead to further statistical analysis and modelling. It is likely that historical environmental data from a range of different studies may contain useful information that should be assessed for determining management actions. However, these historical data are collected from many different studies, which have different space and/or time scales making the visualization process complicated. In this paper we present several ways of visualizing historical data based on a study at Sydney Olympic Park. The tools include spatial coverage and variation for different spatial resolutions, temporal coverage and time series plots for different time scales, multi-panel scatterplots for a small number of variables and "one-to-all" scatterplots for a large number of variables.     

易腐性有机垃圾的产生与处理技术途径比较

我国城市垃圾以易腐性有机垃圾为主.目前有关管理部门提出逐步减少进入填埋场的易腐性有机垃圾量,因此,必须寻求其他填埋替代技术消纳易腐性有机垃圾物流.本文对几种常规技术方案进行了比较.认为应该根据非餐饮业和餐饮业易腐性有机垃圾各自的产生源特点,采取不同的处理方案;但目前这些替代技术用于处理易腐垃圾时均存在各自的缺陷.本文据此提出了相应的技术完善要求和配套管理政策建议.     

活性污泥好氧异养菌群平板分离培养方法的改进

自然温度(12~21℃)、贫营养、活性污泥提取物等目前提高菌群可培养性的方法用于培养活性污泥好氧异养菌群的结果显示,这些方法均能显著提高平板培养基的分离培养能力.含活性污泥提取物的贫营养培养基ASEⅡ培养细菌的数量可占细菌总数的23.2%,在所有培养基中最高,而营养最丰富的培养基MRS培养细菌的数量只占细菌总数的8.82%,在所有培养基中最低.图1表4参14     

Phylogenetic diversity of Archaea in prawn farm sediment

The structure and diversity of the Archaea collected from prawn farm sediment were investigated for the first time. A partial 16S ribosomal DNA library was constructed with Archaea-specific primers. Subsequently, 80 randomly selected archaeal clones from the library were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and resulted in 50 different RFLP patterns. Sequence analysis of representatives from each unique RFLP type revealed high diversity in the archaeal populations, and the majority of archaeal clones were either members of novel lineages or most closely related to uncultured clones. In the phylogenetic analysis, the archaeal clones could be grouped into discrete phylogenetic lineages within the two kingdoms Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Euryarchaeota dominated in our archaeal library, with up to 72.2% of the total clones, and Crenarchaeota represented 27.8%. Of all the Euryarchaeota clones, three clones (5.6%) were affiliated with Methanosarcinales, four clones (7.4%) were related to Methanomicrobiales, three clones (5.6%) were related to Halobacterium (with 93% similarity), and the remaining clones (81.5%) were related to those uncultured Euryarchaeota in the aquatic sediment ecosystem. None of the crenarchaeal clones were associated with any known cultured lineages. The selective dispersal of the archaeal population indicates that their ecological niches are associated with environmental characteristics. Novel phylotypes of Archaea would expand our understanding of the genetic diversity of Archaea in aquatic sediment systems and would be significant in the phylogenetic study of Archaea.Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe     

大气气溶胶碳质组分在线分析仪的研制和应用

大气气溶胶碳质组分主要包括有机碳(Organic Carbon,OC)和元素碳(Elemental Carbon,EC),是大气细粒子的重要组成部分,对大气环境及人体健康具有非常重要的意义.针对目前商品化碳质气溶胶在线分析仪存在的一些问题,研制出大气气溶胶碳质组分在线分析仪(PKUOCEC),实现了对OC和EC的小时浓度测量.仪器同时采用热分解-光学透射(Thermo Optical Transmission,TOT)法和热分解-光学反射(Thermo Optical Reflection,TOR)法分离OC和EC,检测限为0.29μg·m-3(以C计)(采样时间40 min,采样流量8 L·min-1),测量范围最大值为211.50μg·m-3(以C计),可以满足不同环境的大气观测要求.于2016年1月23—31日采用该仪器对北京怀柔大气进行监测,并与商品化在线碳质气溶胶分析仪(RT-4 OCEC,Sunset Lab Inc.)和多角度吸收光度计(5012 MAAP,Thermo Scientific)进行比对.结果显示,PKU-OCEC测得的TC(Total Carbon,TC=OC+EC)和OC浓度均与Sunset-OCEC对应结果显著相关(TC:r=0.986,OC:r=0.984;p0.01),说明两台仪器测量结果具有很好的一致性;Sunset-OCEC测得的EC数据有39.39%低于0.013μg·m-3(以C计),剔除该部分异常值后,其测得的EC数据与PKU-OCEC数据的线性拟合方程由CEC_Sunset=0.9278×CEC_PKU!0.0704(TOT法)和CEC_Sunset=0.9476×CEC_PKU!0.2665(TOR法)变为CE C_Sunset=0.6810×CEC_PKU+1.2842(TOT法)和CEC_Sunset=0.7035×CEC_PKU+1.1179(TOR法),新的方程产生较大正截距,说明Sunset-OCEC的检测限偏高;PKUOCEC测得的EC数据与MAAP测得的BC数据显著相关,其线性拟合度(R2=0.8868(TOT法)、R2=0.8614(TOR法))大于Sunset-OCEC与MAAP的拟合度(R2=0.8047);PKU-OCEC分析仪TOT法和TOR法测得的OC浓度相当(COC_TOR=0.9963×COC_TOT,R2=0.9959).综合结果表明,PKU-OCEC分析仪测量数据可靠,运行稳定且操作简便,可以用于各种环境条件下的大气监测.     

地价模型在农用地基准地价评估中的应用——以宿州市埇桥区为例

以埇桥区农用地为研究对象，基于农用地分等定级成果，建立不同的地价模型并进行统计检验，得到农用地综合质量和农用地价格之间的最佳关系模型，揭示农用地的综合质量和农用地价格的统计规律。研究认为，在市场交易案例很少的情况下，建立地价模型进行基准地价的评估是科学的，在此基础上对农用地基准地价进行评估和实证分析。     

湿式氧化工艺处理乙烯废碱液的开工运行

介绍了湿式氧化工艺处理大庆石化乙烯废碱液的工艺原理及运行结果。     

亲历阿拉善

题记：都说不到长城非好汉，我说没有亲历沙漠的人生不算完整。[编者按]