Traffic emission and its impact on air quality in Guangzhou area

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锦州湾水体中锌、铅、隔存在形式及分布规律的研究

本文研究了锦州湾海域水体中重金属锌、铅、镉各化学形态的含量及其各形态分布特征,其特征变化动态表明,该海域中重金属以可溶态为主要存在形式,其中以水合氧化物为重要清除载体.重金属除周边岩石风化物质的自然背景值外,主要来源于沿岸工厂排废.水体中重金属是在潮流水动力作用下,受各种理化因素的影响,产生迁移和转化.三种元素形态转化强度 Zn>Pb>Cd,它们污染程度为Cd>Zn>Pb.通过多元回归计算求得重金属与环境因素 pH 值(X_(PH))、Eh 值(X_(Eb))、氯度(X_(cl))、溶解氧(X_(DO))、化学耗氧量(X(COD))的多元一次方程.     

长江口海域悬浮颗粒物中钴、镍、铁、锰的化学形态及分布特征研究

研究了重金属Co、Ni、Fe、Mn在长江口及邻近海域悬浮颗粒中的含量、存在形态以及它们在河水与海水混合过程中迁移转化特征,其变化动态特征表明,Co、Ni、Fe以残渣态为主要存在形式;由于Fe-Mn氧化物的形成和吸附作用,使上述金属从水体经过悬浮颗粒转到沉积物中;以Fe-Mn氧化物和碳酸盐形态存在的重金属含量受水体环境的pH和盐度制约。用多元回归分析求得不同形态重金属含量与盐度、pH值和悬浮物含量的变化方程,以及与环境要素间的相互关系。     

Phylogenetic diversity of Archaea in prawn farm sediment

The structure and diversity of the Archaea collected from prawn farm sediment were investigated for the first time. A partial 16S ribosomal DNA library was constructed with Archaea-specific primers. Subsequently, 80 randomly selected archaeal clones from the library were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and resulted in 50 different RFLP patterns. Sequence analysis of representatives from each unique RFLP type revealed high diversity in the archaeal populations, and the majority of archaeal clones were either members of novel lineages or most closely related to uncultured clones. In the phylogenetic analysis, the archaeal clones could be grouped into discrete phylogenetic lineages within the two kingdoms Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Euryarchaeota dominated in our archaeal library, with up to 72.2% of the total clones, and Crenarchaeota represented 27.8%. Of all the Euryarchaeota clones, three clones (5.6%) were affiliated with Methanosarcinales, four clones (7.4%) were related to Methanomicrobiales, three clones (5.6%) were related to Halobacterium (with 93% similarity), and the remaining clones (81.5%) were related to those uncultured Euryarchaeota in the aquatic sediment ecosystem. None of the crenarchaeal clones were associated with any known cultured lineages. The selective dispersal of the archaeal population indicates that their ecological niches are associated with environmental characteristics. Novel phylotypes of Archaea would expand our understanding of the genetic diversity of Archaea in aquatic sediment systems and would be significant in the phylogenetic study of Archaea.Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe     

Experiences of Coal Ash Artificial Reefs in Taiwan

A feasibility study for using fly-ash from Taiwan coal-fired power stations for artificial reef production was started in 1983. Various mixtures of fly ash stabilized with lime, cement, or industrial wastes and formed into blocks were tested in the laboratory. the results showed that the development of compressive strength of those blocks immersed in the sea water was much better than those exposed in the air. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) content of the blocks has been monitored routinely to determine the leaching rates. the result indicates that solidification of fly-ash could indeed immobilize heavy metals better than the original fly ash. From March 1984 to February 1987, 3,682 coal ash stabilized blocks with total weight of 300 tons were designed, fabricated and installed at both Hsin-ta, south western coast, and Kuei-hou, northern coast of Taiwan, for field trials. After four years' underwater observations on 100 cubic blocks at Wan-Li, northern Taiwan, it was shown that the physical integrity of the ash reef blocks had been maintained. the compressive strength and durability was better than the concrete artificial reefs nearby. the ash reefs could also attract fishes and the colonization by benthic organisms was similar to that on concrete reefs. Eighty-eight species of fishes were observed, of which 27 were commercially important, comprising more than 80% of the total biomass. These results demonstrate a potential use for stabilized coal ash as artificial reefs to replace traditionally used concrete reefs to protect and enhance the coastal fishery resources in Taiwan in the future.     

活性污泥好氧异养菌群平板分离培养方法的改进

自然温度(12~21℃)、贫营养、活性污泥提取物等目前提高菌群可培养性的方法用于培养活性污泥好氧异养菌群的结果显示,这些方法均能显著提高平板培养基的分离培养能力.含活性污泥提取物的贫营养培养基ASEⅡ培养细菌的数量可占细菌总数的23.2%,在所有培养基中最高,而营养最丰富的培养基MRS培养细菌的数量只占细菌总数的8.82%,在所有培养基中最低.图1表4参14     

OH自由基引发的甲烷光化学氧化体系中有机过氧化物的研究

在１．０１３２５×１０＾５Ｐａ,２９８Ｋ,Ｏ２－Ｎ２气氛下,采用长光路付立叶红外光谱仪跟踪反应进程,高压液相色谱仪测定反应产物中有机过氧化物,研究了ＯＨ自由基基引发的甲烷光化学反应体系,证实反应产物中有Ｈ２Ｏ２、甲基过氧化氢（ＣＨ３Ｏ２Ｈ,ＭＨＰ）和过氧甲醚（ＣＨ３Ｏ２ＣＨ３）,并发现羟甲基过氧化氢（ＨＯＣＨ２ＯＯＨ,ＨＭＨＰ）和一未知有机过氧化物,ＨＭＨＰ的发现表明ＣＨ４氧化过程中可能存在过氧甲     

Influence of fuel quality on vehicular NOx emissions

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九十年代矿物温压计研究进展、误差来源及应用中应该注意的关键问题

尝试提出了矿物温压计分类方案和矿物温压计质量评定标准 ,论述了九十年代矿物温压计研究的多方面进展 ;探讨了温压计的系统误差和偶然误差来源 ,并指出温压计应用中应该注意的问题。最后还指出了矿物温压计未来发展的关键是精确的矿物相平衡实验。     

蚕豆根尖细胞微核法监测连云港市近海海水污染的研究

研究了用蚕虫根尖细胞微核技术监测海水污染的可行性，报告了用此法监测连云港市近海海水污染的实验结果。在与同期化学监测结果对比的基础上，提出了划分布污染等级的初步标准，对应用该法的意义进行了讨论。