有机磷酸HEDP稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属的研究

研究了有机磷酸羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDP)对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定方法.通过对不同HEDP投加量处理后的飞灰试样作危险废物浸出毒性鉴别试验,分析HEDP最佳使用剂量,并评价了稳定化飞灰的长期稳定性.结果表明,HEDP最适使用剂量为0.03 Ml/g(以商品级HEDP与飞灰的体积质量比计),处理后飞灰与原状飞灰相比,Pb、Zn和Hg的浸出浓度分别降低了98.3%、99.5%和85.0%.HEDP对飞灰中重金属稳定效果排序为:Pb＞Zn＞Hg＞Ni＞Cu＞Cd＞CrHAs.重金属pH相关浸出测试(pH-dependent leaching tests)表明:经0.03mL/g HEDP稳定处理的飞灰,在0.3 mol/L HNO3和0.3 mol/L NaOH的浸取条件下,其重金属浸出浓度均低于国家危险废物鉴别标准,显示具有良好的长期稳定性.     

高铁酸钠电化学合成条件的研究

利用含铁材料为阳极,铜为阴极,NaOH溶液为电解液,于隔膜电解槽中电解制备高铁酸钠.探索了该工艺所必需的各种参数和反应条件,确定了隔膜材料,并对Na2FeO4浓度和电流效率的非一致性变化作出了解释.研究结果表明:在阳极距离为1.3 cm(极距2.3 cm)、阳极电解液浓度为14 mol/L,阴极电解液浓度为4 mol/L、温度为35℃、电压为8～9 V时,电解2 h后得到的Na2FeO4浓度为18.7g/L,电流效率为20%.     

预制床技术在油泥(砂)处理中的应用

采用预制床生物修复技术首次对江苏油田3个井站的罐底油泥(砂)和三相分离器废油泥(砂)进行工艺研究,建立了运行稳定的处理与利用现场示范工程,取得了满意的试验效果,现场油泥(砂)的总油含量＞100 g/kg(土),装置运行2个月,总油去除率96.4%～98.4%,其中烷烃去除率74.7%～98.5%,沥青质去除率75.0%～89.4%,芳香烃去除率85.5%～99.6%.     

背角无齿蚌硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因的克隆及2,4-二氯苯酚、2,4,6-三氯苯酚和五氯苯酚对其表达的影响

硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(SeGPx)是一类广泛存在于生物体内的重要抗氧化酶,SeGPx可将有毒的过氧化物还原成无毒的羟基化合物,从而保护细胞膜结构及功能不受过氧化物干扰和损害.为了探讨2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)、2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TCP)和五氯苯酚(PCP)对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)的胁迫效应,本研究克隆出AwSeGPx全基因序列,分析2,4-DCP、2,4,6-TCP和PCP对AwSeGPx表达的影响.AwSeGPx的cDNA序列全长870 bp,开放阅读框为585 bp,编码195个氨基酸.推导的AwSeGPx蛋白序列包括GPx家族标签序列(68LGFPCNQF75)和活性位点序列(156WNFEKF161)、一个典型终止密码子(165TGA167)编码的硒代半胱氨酸(U44)、酶催化活性相关保守氨基酸位点:谷氨酰胺(Q74)、精氨酸(R94和R151)和色氨酸(W156).在相同浓度条件下,PCP对背角无齿蚌毒性效应大于2,4-DCP和2,4,6-TCP.与对照组相比,浓度60、120、240、480和960μg·L-1的2,4-DCP处理后肝胰腺AwSeGPxmRNA水平增加了1.79倍以上(P<0.05);浓度100、200、400和800μg·L-1的2,4,6-TCP处理后AwSeGPxmRNA水平增加了1.01倍以上(P<0.05);浓度20、40、80、160和320μg·L-1 PCP处理能够显著诱导AwSeGPx的表达.以上结果表明,2,4-DCP、2,4,6-TCP和PCP处理对背角无齿蚌肝胰腺中AwSeGPx表达具有明显的诱导作用,这种诱导效应与动物提高过氧化物的还原能力和增强环境的耐受能力密切相关.     

高效液相色谱法测定水环境中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其生物降解产物

应用固相萃取－高效液相色谱法调查了嘉陵江和长江重庆段的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(ＮＰｎＥＯ,ｎ＞３)的污染状况．在四月份,长江的Ａ,Ｂ和Ｃ,嘉陵江的Ｄ和Ｅ采样点都测定出了ＮＰｎＥＯ(ｎ＞３)．长江上游Ａ点的浓度最高,为３７．２８μｇ·ｌ－１,嘉陵江的下游Ｄ点的总浓度最低,为７．２１μｇ·ｌ－１．七月的水样中仅在Ａ,Ｄ,Ｅ点检测出ＮＰｎＥＯ(ｎ≥３),其总浓度最高为１．９９μｇ·ｌ－１．但其分解产物ＮＰ的浓度比四月份高．     

Partial anammox achieved in full scale biofilm process for typical domestic wastewater treatment

• A full scale biofilm process was developed for typical domestic wastewater treatment. • The HRT was 8 h and secondary sedimentation tank was omitted. • Candidatus Brocadia were enriched in the HBR with an abundance of 2.89%. • Anammox enabled a stable ammonium removal of ~15% in the anoxic zone. The slow initiation of anammox for treating typical domestic wastewater and the relatively high footprint of wastewater treatment infrastructures are major concerns for practical wastewater treatment systems. Herein, a 300 m³/d hybrid biofilm reactor (HBR) process was developed and operated with a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h. The analysis of the bacterial community demonstrated that anammox were enriched in the anoxic zone of the HBR process. The percentage abundance of Candidatus Brocadia in the total bacterial community of the anoxic zone increased from 0 at Day 1 to 0.33% at Day 130 and then to 2.89% at Day 213. Based upon the activity of anammox bacteria, the removal of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) in the anoxic zone was approximately 15%. This showed that the nitrogen transformation pathway was enhanced in the HBR system through partial anammox process in the anoxic zone. The final effluent contained 12 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), 0.662 mg/L NH₄⁺-N, 7.2 mg/L total nitrogen (TN), and 6 mg/L SS, indicating the effectiveness of the HBR process for treating real domestic wastewater.     

磷在磁铁矿-针铁矿混合相上的吸附

首次采用使用后贴式取暖物（商业名：热力贴）为原料制备吸附剂,元素分析、XRD、红外图谱综合鉴定为磁铁矿-针铁矿混合相（magnetite-goethite mix phase,MGM）,其比表面积为98.3 m2/g,平均粒径为510 nm,零电荷点在pH=5.7附近;磷在MGM上的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,其吸附历时曲线遵循准二级动力学模型,升温能促进磷的吸附;在实际废水磷浓度为51.8 mg/L、初始溶液pH=2的条件下,当MGM投加量为10 g/L时,磷的去除率为94.16%。     

外循环减压蒸发工艺回收废酸技术与应用

介绍了浙江省宁波市不锈钢行业酸洗废液的产生特征,简述了外循环减压蒸发工艺回收废酸液的特点、主要参数和关键设备。从多家不锈钢企业对该工艺的应用表明,HF、HNO2的回收率达93％～96％。吨成品蒸汽消耗约1．1t,蒸汽压力为0．1～0.15MPa,真空压力88～91kPa,蒸发温度50～65C,回收效益达160元／t左右,回收的混合酸全部回用于酸洗工段,环境效益和经济效益显著。     

建立高含硫气田生态监测体系分析

针对西南某气田投产运行后,净化厂尾气、集气站火炬等正常生产和事故性放空等会排放大量二氧化硫的问题,及其对周边生态环境产生影响的现实,研究建立气田生态环境监测体系。通过现场踏勘、资料收集等手段,提出建立气田生态监测的布点网络、生态监测方法体系,重点探讨生物多样性及典型植物监测方法。通过在该气田实际监测得出该生态监测体系具有科学性、完整性、有效性等特点。     

Size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in a South China coastal city

Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles,they consist of soot(32%),mineral(17%),secondary(22%),and unknown fine particles(29%).The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 μm.Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX.Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types:Si-rich,Ca-rich,and Na-rich.The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location.For example,mineral particles,collected along the main street,were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals,such as Zn,Ti,Mn,Ba,Pb,and As.TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles(e.g.,Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases.Additionally,aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity,high temperature,and high levels of sunlight in Macao.Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles.