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151.
Shaohan Lian Chunfeng Song Qingling Liu Erhong Duan Hongwei Ren Yutaka Kitamura 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):281-295
CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) is an effective strategy to mitigate global warming. Absorption, adsorption and membranes are methods used for CO2 separation and capture, and various catalytic pathways have also been developed for CO2 utilization. Although widely researched and used in industry, these processes are energy-intensive and this challenge needs to be overcome. To realize further optimization, novel materials and processes are continuously being developed. New generation materials such as ionic liquids (ILs) have shown promising potential for cost-effective CO2 capture and utilization. This study reviews the current status of ILs-based solvents, adsorbents, membranes, catalysts and their hybrid processes for CO2 capture and utilization. The special properties of ILs are integrated into new materials through hybridization, which significantly improves the performance in the process of CCU. 相似文献
152.
Sou Matsunaga Michihiro Mochida Takuya Saito Kimitaka Kawamura 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2002,36(39-40)
Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) was measured on board of R/V Mirai for eight air samples and 14 seawater samples collected in the western North Pacific during ACE-Asia campaign (from 18 to 26 May 2001). The measurements were conducted in situ using a cryo-focus/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Cryo/GC/MS). Concentrations of isoprene ranged from 7.2 to 110 parts-per-trillion (pptv) in the marine air, and ranged from below 12 to 94 pmol l−1 in the seawater. Based on these results, sea-to-air fluxes of isoprene were calculated to be 184 and 300 nmol m−2 day−1 for two samples, and the upper limits of the fluxes were also calculated to be from 32 to 300 nmol m−2 day−1. Atmospheric isoprene concentrations cannot be explained only by the flux from the seawater. Thus, the concentrations of isoprene in the marine air in western North Pacific should be significantly affected by terrestrial vegetational emission and subsequent long-range atmospheric transport of isoprene. 相似文献
153.
Naoyuki Yamashita Hiroaki Tanaka Kiyoshi Miyajima Hiroyuki Tamamoto Norihiro Miyamoto Makoto Yasojima Koya Komori Yutaka Suzuki 《Water environment research》2006,78(12):2330-2334
This study investigated the fate of estrogenic substances in an urban river receiving discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) by flux calculation, focusing on the middle reaches of the Tama River in Tokyo, which is one of the most urbanized rivers in Japan. The level of estrogenic activity flux was almost negligibly small at the upstream station. The level was considerably raised after inflows from the WTPs and then the level declined in the lower reaches of the river. When contributions of estrogenic substances to estrogenic activity were estimated, estrone (E1) was the primary contributor to the total estrogenic activity in all the sampling stations, followed by estradiol (E2). The contribution of nonylphenol to estrogenic activity was small. The E1 and E2 accounted for approximately 90% or more of estrogenic activity in the Tama River. As for the total fluxes of the estrogenic substances in the study area in the Tama River, the proportion of flux associated with WTP discharge was approximately 100% of the total fluxes, and the effects of the tributaries flowing into the river were almost negligible. When the reduction ratios of estrogenic activity were calculated by the flux, the ratios were found to increase toward the lower reaches of the river. Similar changes were observed for E1. Meanwhile, the change of reduction ratios for E2 was different from that observed for estrogenic activity. 相似文献
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Koarashi J Davis PA Galeriu D Melintescu A Saito M Siclet F Uchida S 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(10):1671-1679
Carbon-14 ((14)C) is one of the most important radionuclides from the perspective of dose estimation due to the nuclear fuel cycle. Ten years of monitoring data on (14)C in airborne emissions, in atmospheric CO(2) and in rice grain collected around the Tokai reprocessing plant (TRP) showed an insignificant radiological effect of the TRP-derived (14)C on the public, but suggested a minor contribution of the TRP-derived (14)C to atmospheric (14)C concentrations, and an influence on (14)C concentrations in rice grain at harvest. This paper also summarizes a modelling exercise (the so-called rice scenario of the IAEA's EMRAS program) in which (14)C concentrations in air and rice predicted with various models using information on (14)C discharge rates, meteorological conditions and so on were compared with observed concentrations. The modelling results showed that simple Gaussian plume models with different assumptions predict monthly averaged (14)C concentrations in air well, even for near-field receptors, and also that specific activity and dynamic models were equally good for the prediction of inter-annual changes in (14)C concentrations in rice grain. The scenario, however, offered little opportunity for comparing the predictive capabilities of these two types of models because the scenario involved a near-chronic release to the atmosphere. A scenario based on an episodic release and short-term, time-dependent observations is needed to establish the overall confidence in the predictions of environmental (14)C models. 相似文献
157.
Jun Tabata Yutaka Narai Nobuo Sawamura Syuntaro Hiradate Hajime Sugie 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(7):567-574
Mealybugs, which include several agricultural pests, are small sap feeders covered with a powdery wax. They exhibit clear sexual dimorphism; males are winged but fragile and short lived, whereas females are windless and less mobile. Thus, sex pheromones emitted by females facilitate copulation and reproduction by serving as a key navigation tool for males. Although the structures of the hitherto known mealybug pheromones vary among species, they have a common structural motif; they are carboxylic esters of monoterpene alcohols with irregular non-head-to-tail linkages. However, in the present study, we isolated from the Matsumoto mealybug, Crisicoccus matsumotoi (Siraiwa), a pheromone with a completely different structure. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we identified the pheromone as 3-methyl-3-butenyl 5-methylhexanoate. Its attractiveness to males was confirmed in a series of field trapping experiments involving comparison between the isolated natural product and a synthetic sample. This is the first report of a hemiterpene mealybug pheromone. In addition, the acid moiety (5-methylhexanoate) appears to be rare in insect pheromones. 相似文献
158.
Yutaka Kuwayama Mayumi Ito Noki Hiroyoshi Masami Tsunekawa 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(3):240-246
Automobile shredded residue is a potential solid fuel when its metal and chloride-containing components have been removed.
The authors have investigated physical separation of automobile shredded residue to isolate components that may be used as
solid fuel and reported that agglomerates of entangling fiber-like material are formed during crushing. These agglomerates
make removal of metals and chloride-containing components difficult, and the paper proposes a treatment flowchart consisting
of separate treatments of the coarse size fraction containing entangling fiber-like components and the smaller size fraction
containing particulate matter. This paper reports the treatment of the smaller size fraction treated with jigging to obtain
a low-ash and low-chloride-content product. A new washability curve was developed based on float and sink analysis test results,
and it was applied to estimate the gravity separation performance of treatments such as jigging and dense medium separation.
The estimated results show good agreement with the experimental results of jig separation. 相似文献
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